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Philosophy Student
By In Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place…
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History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
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ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

HERMENEUTICS

Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the modern context, this refers to both verbal and non-verbal “texts”…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
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Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…
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By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview…
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Logic

Books

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    The Way of Chuang Tzu

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    Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy

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    The Mastery of Self: A Toltec Guide to Personal Freedom (Toltec Mastery Series)

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    The Art of Rhetoric (Arcturus Classics, 144)

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    Miracle Minded Medium: The Purpose and Power of Talking to Dead People

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    How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life: An Unexpected Guide to Human Nature and Happiness

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    The Flip: Epiphanies of Mind and the Future of Knowledge

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    The Bright Ages: A New History of Medieval Europe

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    The Essential Augustine (Hackett Classics)

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    Wabi Sabi: Japanese Wisdom for a Perfectly Imperfect Life

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    Politics (Oxford World’s Classics)

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    The Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali: A New Translation with Commentary (Shambhala Classics)

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    The Second Sex

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    “The Soul Seeks Its Melodies”: Music in Jewish Thought (Emunot: Jewish Philosophy and Kabbalah)

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    Fear and Trembling (Penguin Classics)

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Terms & Concepts

C

Church-Turing Thesis

The Church-Turing Thesis states the extensional equivalence of several different methods of formalizing the notion of computability (for example, any general recursive function can be computed by a Turing Machine)…
T

Transcendent

That which is independent of empirical, finite existence; contrasted with immanent. https://youtube.com/shorts/NBahpArmi_c?feature=share
P

Proof by cases

A proof strategy whereby a conclusion is proved from a disjunction. (See also Disjunction elimination.) https://youtube.com/shorts/JZ_RCMpCjsU?feature=share
A
Appeal to force or fear (ad baculum)
T
Type-token distinction
D
Deism
M
Material conditional
D
Dutch Book Theorem
D
Distributive justice
S
Slippery slope argument
R
Rule utilitarianism
V
Verificationism
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