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The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…

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History Of Philosophy ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…

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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…

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Modern Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

Based in the Ionian colony of Elea (modern-day Velia) in southern Italy, and primarily associated with Parmenides (early fifth century BC) and Melissus of Samos (mid fifth century BC), the…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.

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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

The eight skills just listed are so central to philosophical writing that we may count them among the criteria most instructors use in grading essay assignments. Keep these eight skills…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…

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By Philosophy Student In History Of Philosophy

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything…

Logic

INTUITIONISM

Logic

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

Logic

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Logic

MODAL LOGIC

Logic

QUANTUM LOGIC

Books

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Collected Essays in Speculative Philosophy (New Perspectives in Ontology)
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The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind (Oxford Handbooks)
$65.00
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How to Be Multiple: The Philosophy of Twins
$28.99
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The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers
$12.91
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On Law, Morality, and Politics (Hackett Classics)
$7.01
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The Art of Travel
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The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge
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Shape: The Hidden Geometry of Information, Biology, Strategy, Democracy, and Everything Else
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The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (Philosophy of Mind)
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The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments
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No Exit and Three Other Plays
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Henry at Work: Thoreau on Making a Living
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The Twilight of the Idols and the Anti-Christ: or How to Philosophize with a Hammer (Penguin Classics)
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The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty
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The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
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End Times: Elites, Counter-Elites, and the Path of Political Disintegration
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The Atomos Blog

Atomos

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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Atomos

Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Ren

Confucian virtues, such as benevolence, sympathy, and respect for others. https://youtube.com/shorts/6hloZB1o5Ks?feature=share

Proof by contradiction

A proof strategy whereby a statement’s negation is proved by assuming the statement is true.This assumption leads to a contradiction, which proves the assumption is false. (See also Negation introduction…

Evidentialism

The view that a belief is justified only if it is supported by sufficient evidence. https://youtube.com/shorts/tQSEKQO8wiE?feature=share

Intention/intentionality

Logical contradiction

Generalization

General conditional proof

Venn diagram

Weak argument

Act utilitarianism

Tabula Rasa

Essence (or an essential property)

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THE PERSONAL ESSAY

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

SCHOLASTICISM

EXISTENTIALISM

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

CYNICISM

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

ATOMISM

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Books

Collected Essays in Speculative Philosophy (New Perspectives in Ontology)

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind (Oxford Handbooks)

How to Be Multiple: The Philosophy of Twins

The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers

On Law, Morality, and Politics (Hackett Classics)

The Art of Travel

The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge

Shape: The Hidden Geometry of Information, Biology, Strategy, Democracy, and Everything Else

The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (Philosophy of Mind)

The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments

No Exit and Three Other Plays

Henry at Work: Thoreau on Making a Living

The Twilight of the Idols and the Anti-Christ: or How to Philosophize with a Hammer (Penguin Classics)

The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

End Times: Elites, Counter-Elites, and the Path of Political Disintegration

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Aesthetics: An Introduction

Epistemology: An Introduction

Ethics: An Introduction

Logic: An Introduction

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Ren

Proof by contradiction

Evidentialism

Intention/intentionality

Logical contradiction

Generalization

General conditional proof

Venn diagram

Weak argument

Act utilitarianism

Tabula Rasa

Essence (or an essential property)

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