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Philosophy Student
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PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
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History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…
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Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
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Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
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History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy. Following Plato’s death, Aristotle traveled, became tutor to Alexander the…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
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By In CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY

STRUCTURALISM

Structuralism refers to research undertaken in the social sciences, predominantly in France, between the 1950s and 1970s, which sought to…
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Logic

Books

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    Existentialism and Excess: The Life and Times of Jean-Paul Sartre

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    Daodejing: The Oral Tradition

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    How to be a conservative

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    Introducing Philosophy: A Graphic Guide of Robinson, Dave, Garratt, Chris on 06 September 2007

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    Greatest Works – Rabindranath Tagore

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    The Living Gita: The Complete Bhagavad Gita – A Commentary for Modern Readers

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    The Construction of Social Reality

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    Human, All Too Human I: Volume 3 (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche)

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    Chosen by God

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    Modern French Philosophy: From Existentialism to Postmodernism

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    Everyday Emerson: A Year of Wisdom

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    Desnuda: Un Retiro con tu Ser (Spanish Edition)

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    The History of Western Philosophy

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    How to Grow Old: Ancient Wisdom for the Second Half of Life

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    THE POWER OF WISDOM: Rewire Your Mind, Boost Happiness, Master Your Behaviour & Live a Transformed Life (Power Series)

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    The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism

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Terms & Concepts

C

Cause

That which brings something about. That which explains a happening. https://youtube.com/shorts/ludNRqm-OLk?feature=share
C

Contradictories

Two statements that cannot be simultaneously true or simultaneously false. In categorical logic, the A-proposition and O-proposition are contradictories, and the E- and I-propositions are contradictories. (See also A-proposition, O-proposition,…
E

Existential import

The assumption that at least one member of the subject class of a universal proposition exists.Aristotelian, or traditional, logic assumes existential import. The modern interpretation doesnot. (See also Categorical proposition.)…
I
Indeterminism
M
Metaphysics
I
Incoherent
H
Happiness calculus (felicity calculus or hedonic calculus)
S
Sufism
E
Evidentialism
P
Problem of evil
S
Socialism
S
Socratic method
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