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The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.

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Logic

November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…

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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

The Medieval Period is usually dated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476)and the beginning of the Renaissance (c. 1300). In terms of philosophy, the period begins inthe…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.

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Traditional Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…

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By Philosophy Student In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC).…

Logic

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

Logic

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

Logic

MODAL LOGIC

Logic

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Books

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Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon (Translation/Transnation, 35)
$79.00
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Theologico-Political Treatise
$7.99
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God Can’t: How to Believe in God and Love after Tragedy, Abuse, and Other Evils
$19.99
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The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity
$22.92
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Doubt: A History: The Great Doubters and Their Legacy of Innovation from Socrates and Jesus to Thomas Jefferson and Emily Dickinson
$12.99
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Michel de Montaigne – The Complete Essays (Penguin Classics)
$25.11
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This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life
$9.99
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A Brief History of Thought: A Philosophical Guide to Living (Learning to Live)
$12.29
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Emerson’s Essays: The Complete First & Second Series
$15.99
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The Beginning of Western Philosophy: Interpretation of Anaximander and Parmenides (Studies in Continental Thought)
$50.00
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Basic Writings of Existentialism (Modern Library Classics)
$14.39
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Print Handwriting Workbook for Teens: Improve your printing handwriting & practice print penmanship workbook for teens and tweens
$6.75
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The Socratic Dialogues Early Period, Volume 2: Gorgias, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemus, Lesser Hippias, Greater Hippias
$15.99
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Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras
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Art as experience,
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On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense
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The Atomos Blog

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Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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False dichotomy

The informal fallacy in which two options are presented as exclusive and exhaustive when, infact, they are not and others exist. https://youtube.com/shorts/InUJT6ghWVs?feature=share

Intension

The meaning of an expression, as opposed to its extension (the set of things to which itapplies). The intension of a declarative sentence is usually taken to be a proposition.Expressions…

First principles

The initial and firm rules, or axioms, with which a philosophy begins, either as assumptionsor as believed truths. https://youtube.com/shorts/vZLJr8mtKN8?feature=share

Law of contradiction

O-proposition

Philosophical method

Rationality

Self-contradictory

Disjunction

Pragmatic theory of truth

Fideism

Ethical relativism

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AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

MODAL LOGIC

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

HEGELIANISM

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

THE SOPHISTS

ATOMISM

THE POSITION PAPER

LIBERALISM

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

LOGIC

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Logic

Books

Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon (Translation/Transnation, 35)

Theologico-Political Treatise

God Can’t: How to Believe in God and Love after Tragedy, Abuse, and Other Evils

The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity

Doubt: A History: The Great Doubters and Their Legacy of Innovation from Socrates and Jesus to Thomas Jefferson and Emily Dickinson

Michel de Montaigne – The Complete Essays (Penguin Classics)

This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life

A Brief History of Thought: A Philosophical Guide to Living (Learning to Live)

Emerson’s Essays: The Complete First & Second Series

The Beginning of Western Philosophy: Interpretation of Anaximander and Parmenides (Studies in Continental Thought)

Basic Writings of Existentialism (Modern Library Classics)

Print Handwriting Workbook for Teens: Improve your printing handwriting & practice print penmanship workbook for teens and tweens

The Socratic Dialogues Early Period, Volume 2: Gorgias, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemus, Lesser Hippias, Greater Hippias

Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras

Art as experience,

On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense

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Terms & Concepts

False dichotomy

Intension

First principles

Law of contradiction

O-proposition

Philosophical method

Rationality

Self-contradictory

Disjunction

Pragmatic theory of truth

Fideism

Ethical relativism

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