PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
HERMENEUTICS
Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the…
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NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD
PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD
Our digital age suggests a useful analogy to further explain the role of philosophy in intellectual life. Philosophy is analogous to an operating system (OS), a software platform that enables…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
LOGICAL ATOMISM
LOGICAL ATOMISM
Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC
NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC
While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…
THE EXPOSITORY PAPER
THE EXPOSITORY PAPER
We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…
LOGIC
LOGIC
Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
CYNICISM
CYNICISM
Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
MODAL LOGIC
MODAL LOGIC
A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?
HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?
How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
EXISTENTIALISM
A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness…
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Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Control (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$15.99
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Stillness Is the Key
$7.99
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Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$28.00
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How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
$13.12
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Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
Books
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Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics
$34.00 -
Perspectives on Pragmatism: Classical, Recent, and Contemporary
$46.00 -
Language, Truth and Logic (Dover Books on Western Philosophy)
$7.95 -
The Metaphysical Thought of Thomas Aquinas: From Finite Being to Uncreated Being (Monographs of the Society for Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy, 1)
$42.96 -
Sovereignties in Question: The Poetics of Paul Celan (Perspectives in Continental Philosophy)
$35.00 -
Think Like a Monk: Train Your Mind for Peace and Purpose Every Day
$15.07 -
How to Die: An Ancient Guide to the End of Life (Ancient Wisdom for Modern Readers)
$13.59 -
Book Of Joy
$19.10 -
The Moral Problem
$45.99 -
Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder (Incerto)
$11.94 -
365 Days of Journaling for Deep Shadow Work: A Beginner’s Workbook With Questions & Prompts for Inner Child Healing
$19.99 -
Objectivity (Mit Press)
$19.49 -
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Values
$13.80
The Atomos Blog
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
The Threshold
The Threshold
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Terms & Concepts
Idea
The mental object immediately presented to the mind; according to representational theories of perception, we are only ever directly acquainted with ideas which represent external objects. In Plato, another term…
Gettier problem
A series of examples constructed by Edmund Gettier (1927-) in which justified true belief intuitively falls short of knowledge. These cases involve drawing a true conclusion based on a false…
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