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By In NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

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By In MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

SAINT AUGUSTINE

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By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

EMPIRICISM

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By In ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

LOGICAL ATOMISM

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By In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
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Writing PhilosophyWHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyEXISTENTIALISM
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of PhilosophyTRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTBOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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LogicINTUITIONISM
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
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Writing PhilosophyESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
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Writing PhilosophyWRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
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Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of PhilosophyNATURAL PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
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Philosophy BranchesBRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
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History Of PhilosophyTHE ELEATIC SCHOOL
November 15, 2023

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

Based in the Ionian colony of Elea (modern-day Velia) in southern Italy, and primarily associated with Parmenides (early fifth century BC) and Melissus of Samos (mid fifth century BC), the…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyTHE FRANKFURT SCHOOL
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
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POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyUTILITARIANISM
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyEPICUREANISM
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
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By In MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

THOMISM

A school of thought based on the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Thomism is, like Scholasticism, principally concerned with…
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Logic

Books

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    The Communist Manifesto

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    The Practicing Stoic: A Philosophical User’s Manual

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    Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Routledge Classics)

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    Avicenna’s Al-Shifa’: Oriental Philosophy (Routledge Studies in Islamic Philosophy)

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    Neoliberalism, Globalization, Income Inequality, Poverty And Resistance: Neoliberalism (1)

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    The Prince (Reader’s Library Classics)

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    Monolingualism of the Other: or, The Prosthesis of Origin (Cultural Memory in the Present)

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    Sufi Commentaries on the Qur’an in Classical Islam (Routledge Studies in the Qur’an)

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    On Modern Origins: Essays in Early Modern Philosophy (Applications of Political Theory)

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    The Blind Spot: Why Science Cannot Ignore Human Experience

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    Why Buddhism is True: The Science and Philosophy of Meditation and Enlightenment

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    In Search Of The Miraculous (Harvest Book)

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    PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS: Second Edition

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The Atomos Blog

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Political and Social Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosPOLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

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Feminist Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosFEMINIST PHILOSOPHY

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Terms & Concepts

A

Argument

The reasoning process constituted by a series of statements, one of which (the conclusion) is inferred from the other statement(s). In formal logic, the word has two senses: 1) A…
S

Social contract

A political philosophy concept or theory, originating in the Age of Enlightenment, which concerns the legitimacy of state authority over the individual. The term takes its name from The Social…
S

Substance

What a thing is; that which has independent existence and persists through time. https://youtube.com/shorts/xKdae8pf_o8?feature=share
D
Duhem-Quine Thesis
S
State of nature
A
Absurdity
I
Infinite regress (or regression)
T
Transcendental argument
I
Impression
I
Intention/intentionality
L
Leibniz’s Law
E
Enlightenment
View All