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By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

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By In CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

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By In History Of Philosophy

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

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By In History Of Philosophy

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

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By In POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGTHE PERSONAL ESSAY
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
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Writing PhilosophyESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
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Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesLOGIC
December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyPHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
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History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYPLATO
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
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Philosophy BranchesBRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTINTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyTHE EXPOSITORY PAPER
November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyTHE FRANKFURT SCHOOL
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
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LogicRELEVANCE LOGICS
November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
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ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyLOGICAL ATOMISM
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
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LogicHIGHER-ORDER LOGICS
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
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LogicMODAL LOGIC
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
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By In History Of Philosophy

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy.…
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Logic

Books

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    We Are Not Alone: A Maimonidean Theology of the Other

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    The Critical Thinker: A Guide to Effective Problem Solving, Precision in Decision Making, and Cultivated Mental Discipline.

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    Leibowitz and Levinas: Between Judaism and Universalism

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    The Self and Its Pleasures: Bataille, Lacan, and the History of the Decentered Subject

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    Angels and Us

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    The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion

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    What We Owe the Future

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The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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How do you get from a singularity to infinity?Philosophy of PhysicsPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your EyePhilosophy of PhysicsPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCERealism vs Anti-RealismScientific Realism

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The ThresholdConsciousnessPHILOSOPHY OF MIND

The Threshold

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Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark PaperProof TheoryUncategorized

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What Does the Mind Really Mean?Mental RepresentationPHILOSOPHY OF MIND

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

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The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of IdentityConscious ExperienceEXISTENTIALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGYIdentity and ChangePersonal IdentityPhilosophy of Physics

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Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?Ai and Machine Consciousness

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

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Natural Function and Perceptual ContentMental RepresentationPhilosophy of Biology

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

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Philosophy of Law: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LAW

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

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Philosophy of Science: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Aesthetics: An IntroductionAESTHETICSAtomos

Aesthetics: An Introduction

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Epistemology: An IntroductionAtomosEPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology: An Introduction

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Ethics: An IntroductionAtomosETHICS

Ethics: An Introduction

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Logic: An IntroductionAtomosLOGIC

Logic: An Introduction

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Metaphysics: An IntroductionAtomosMETAPHYSICS

Metaphysics: An Introduction

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Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Terms & Concepts

M

Maxim

Kant’s term for the subjective rule an individual uses in making a decision, which is a universalizable rule that an individual could expect everyone else to follow. https://youtube.com/shorts/rJdxBTr3NoU?feature=share
R

Ren

Confucian virtues, such as benevolence, sympathy, and respect for others. https://youtube.com/shorts/6hloZB1o5Ks?feature=share
C

Compensatory justice

A theory of justice that requires the restoration of any loss to the person wronged. https://youtube.com/shorts/wpthWV_8OTo?feature=share
S
Supererogatory
I
Innate idea
R
Rationalist
F
Formal proof
P
Possible world
M
Moral luck
P
Proposition
B
Being
O
Omnipotent
View All