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Philosophy Student
By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 23, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
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Writing Philosophy
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD

Our digital age suggests a useful analogy to further explain the role of philosophy in intellectual life. Philosophy is analogous to an operating system (OS), a software platform that enables…
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the earliest philosophical literature. Much of it is devoted to what…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
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Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
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Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
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Philosophy Student
By In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of…
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Logic

Books

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    The Philosophy of Hegel as a Doctrine of the Concreteness of God and Humanity: Volume One: The Doctrine of God (Volume 1) (Topics In Historical Philosophy)

    $55.00
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    Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy, 4th Ed.

    $12.19
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    Utopia

    $4.24
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    The Superhumanities: Historical Precedents, Moral Objections, New Realities

    $29.34
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    The Mixed Methods Reader

    $100.00
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    [(The Romantic Manifesto)] [By (author) Ayn Rand] published on (April, 1992)

    $17.93
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    Pensees

    $7.95
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    Why Grow Up?: Subversive Thoughts for an Infantile Age

    $14.92
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    The Phenomenon of Life: A Plain Man’s Perspectives

    $9.99
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    Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an (Routledge Studies in the Qur’an)

    $51.71
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    Sleeper, Awake: 40 days of companionship for the deconstruction process (The Path of Unlearning)

    $9.97
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    God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

    $14.44
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    The Joyous Science (Penguin Classics)

    $16.00

Terms & Concepts

S

Socratic method

Socrates’ (c. 470-399 BC) method of creating a critical question-answer dialogue to arrive at the truth of the meanings of ethical and other concepts. The “Socratic” method is known exclusively…
D

Democracy

A system of government by the members of the society, typically through elected representatives.. https://youtube.com/shorts/ApvZGsIoCjA?feature=share
P

Proof by contradiction

A proof strategy whereby a statement’s negation is proved by assuming the statement is true.This assumption leads to a contradiction, which proves the assumption is false. (See also Negation introduction…
S
Society
N
Negation elimination
T
Tautology
U
Unsound
B
Bhagavadgītā (“Gītā”)
P
Pragmatic theory of truth
S
Subcontraries
C
Cosmogony
A
Appeal to unqualified authority
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