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By In POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

PRAGMATISM

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By In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

EPICUREANISM

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By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

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By In History Of Philosophy

ARISTOTLE

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By In History Of Philosophy

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGTHE PERSONAL ESSAY
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
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Writing PhilosophyESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
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Writing PhilosophyWHAT IS GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING?
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING?

Writing effectively for a philosophy course does not merely start with the general principles of good writing just outlined, it sets out to show mastery of these principles. It embodies…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyINDIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa,…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTCRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
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LogicINTUITIONISM
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGTHE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…
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History Of PhilosophyPYTHAGOREANISM
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
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History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYPLATO
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyCONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
November 15, 2023

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…
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LogicNON-CLASSICAL LOGIC
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
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History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
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POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyPRAGMATISM
November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.
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By In NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the…
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Logic

Books

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    The Essays of Michel de Montaigne

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    How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking

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    The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali

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    Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (Penguin Classics)

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    Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness

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    Profiles in Courage (Harper Perennial Modern Classics)

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    The Hidden Crown: Revealing Hashem’s Majesty Through The Covid-19 Pandemic

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    The Deepest Human Life: An Introduction to Philosophy for Everyone

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    Philosophy in the Renaissance: An Anthology

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    The Book of Ichigo Ichie: The Art of Making the Most of Every Moment, the Japanese Way

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    An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

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The Atomos Blog

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Terms & Concepts

Q

Qualities

Properties or characteristics of objects, usually divided into three types: primary qualities arephysical properties of objects (such as shape or mass); secondary qualities are dispositions toproduce sensory experiences (for example,…
M

Metaphysics

1) The branch of philosophy that studies reality and first principles. 2) Literally, “after (orbeyond) physics,” where “physics” is the transliteration of the Greek for “nature.” (See alsoOntology.) https://youtube.com/shorts/1H_9EdnmuEc?feature=share
C

Causal theory of perception

The theory that sensations and ideas are caused by physical things acting upon our organs of sense. https://youtube.com/shorts/neBGV0mB2A0?feature=share
D
Divine command theory
H
Hypothetical imperative
P
Prima facie
F
Facticity
B
Biconditional introduction
D
Distributive justice
L
Logical operator
A
Ahimsa
W
Well-Formed Formula (wff)
View All