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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD

Our digital age suggests a useful analogy to further explain the role of philosophy in intellectual life. Philosophy is analogous to an operating system (OS), a software platform that enables…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING PHILOSOPHY

How Do You Do Philosophy? Writing Is Central To Philosophy What Philosophy Professors Want From Student Writers What Is Good Writing? What Is Good Philosophical Writing? Grading Criteria for Philosophy…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

HERMENEUTICS

Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the modern context, this refers to both verbal and non-verbal “texts”…

Books

  • Vida contemplativa: Elogio de la inactividad / Contemplative Life: A Praise to I dleness (Spanish Edition)

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  • Domestic Extremist: A Practical Guide to Winning the Culture War

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  • The Uses of Argument

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  • Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault

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  • The Art of War

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  • How We Live Is How We Die

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  • The Emerald Tablets of Thoth The Atlantean

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  • More Matrix and Philosophy: Revolutions and Reloaded Decoded (Popular Culture and Philosophy) (Popular Culture and Philosophy, 11)

    $17.95
  • Critique of Pure Reason

    $18.00
  • Crossing the Threshold: Etheric Imagination in the Post-Kantian Process Philosophy of Schelling and Whitehead

    $18.99
  • How to Think Like a Roman Emperor

    $13.59
  • What the Buddha Taught: Revised and Expanded Edition with Texts from Suttas and Dhammapada

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  • Existentialism Is a Humanism

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AtomosEPISTEMOLOGYMETAPHYSICS
December 6, 2025

Metaphysical Perspectives: A Comparative Analysis of Theism and Atheism

Abstract: This paper explores the fundamental differences in how theistic and atheistic worldviews approach key metaphysical concepts such as existence, causality, the nature of being, morality, and the origin of…
AtomosEPISTEMOLOGYMETAPHYSICS
December 6, 2025

The Infinite Universe, Death, and the Search for Meaning: A Philosophical Exploration of Existence, the Divine, and Human Mortality

Introduction The vastness of the universe has long been a source of awe and wonder. With its endless galaxies, stars, and the possibility of unknown life, the cosmos presents us…
AtomosEPISTEMOLOGYMETAPHYSICS
December 6, 2025

The Interplay of Karma, Rebirth, and Non-Self in Buddhist Philosophy: A Metaphysical Inquiry

Abstract In this paper, we explore the central Buddhist concepts of karma, rebirth, and the doctrine of non-self (anatta), arguing that these ideas present a comprehensive, coherent metaphysical system that…
AtomosEPISTEMOLOGYMETAPHYSICS
December 6, 2025

Imagination, Consciousness, and the Nature of the Soul: A Philosophical Inquiry

Abstract Imagination, an integral part of human cognition, allows individuals to transcend their immediate sensory experiences and engage with abstract ideas, creativity, and possibilities beyond the present. Despite its essential…
AtomosEPISTEMOLOGYMETAPHYSICS
December 6, 2025

The Unconscious Artistry of Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Reflection on Spinoza’s God and the Blind Watchmaker

Introduction In the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the world is confronted with a remarkable paradox: machines, devoid of consciousness, produce some of the most intricate and profound creations ever…

Terms & Concepts

I

Incommensurability

Two scientific theories are incommensurable if there is no shared body of data or standards of evaluation by which to compare them—either because of non-overlapping domains of application, disagreement on…
M

Moral evil

A way of appraising human choices, actions, and outcomes. https://youtube.com/shorts/dGMb-CZ12Gc?feature=share
I

Immanent

Inherent or operating within nature or physical reality. (See also Transcendent.) https://youtube.com/shorts/T2KkG-_JSnY?feature=share
P
Pragmatic theory of truth
A
Appeal to unqualified authority
F
Functionalism
A
Aristocracy
R
Raven Paradox
V
Vedas
R
Relations of ideas
M
Morality
P
Pluralism
View All