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While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…

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Modern Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…

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Modern Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.

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Traditional Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.

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By Philosophy Student In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world…

Logic

QUANTUM LOGIC

Logic

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Logic

MODAL LOGIC

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

Logic

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

Books

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Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings
$9.99
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Fear and Trembling
$7.20
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Self-Reliance and Other Essays: Emerson’s Essays, First Series
$11.50
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Matter into Feeling: A New Alchemy of Science and Spirit
$4.26
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Pragmatism (Philosophical Classics)
$6.95
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Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
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Ideas Have Consequences: Expanded Edition
$18.00
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Sufi Commentaries on the Qur’an in Classical Islam (Routledge Studies in the Qur’an)
$56.95
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Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life (Incerto)
$11.99
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How to Love (Mindfulness Essentials)
$7.99
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Introducción a Wittgenstein
$20.68
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The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments
$15.44
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The Invention of Infinity: Essays on Husserl and the History of Philosophy: Essays on Husserl and the History of Philosophy (Contributions to Phenomenology, 124)
$139.99

The Atomos Blog

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How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

Philosophy Student

Atomos

Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Method of doubt (Methodological doubt)

Descartes’s procedure for uncovering certainty; or those principles that cannot be doubted or refuted. https://youtube.com/shorts/ADPIKQxOFFY?feature=share

Formal cause

The essence, structural features, or attributes of a thing; one of Aristotle’s four explanationsfor a thing’s coming to be. https://youtube.com/shorts/FJqEZbim1y8?feature=share

Eudaimonia

Ancient Greek concept of “happiness” or “flourishing” as the ultimate justification of ethical activity; usually explicated in terms of the exercise of (public) virtue as part of the overall fulfilment…

Explanation

External meaning

Epistemic closure

Formal fallacy

Conjunction introduction

Double effect, doctrine of

Change of Quantifier (Quantifier Exchange) Rule

Strong argument

Dualism

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

EMPIRICISM

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

LOGIC

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

RATIONALISM

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

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Logic

Books

Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings

Fear and Trembling

Self-Reliance and Other Essays: Emerson’s Essays, First Series

Matter into Feeling: A New Alchemy of Science and Spirit

Pragmatism (Philosophical Classics)

Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics

Ideas Have Consequences: Expanded Edition

Sufi Commentaries on the Qur’an in Classical Islam (Routledge Studies in the Qur’an)

Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life (Incerto)

How to Love (Mindfulness Essentials)

Introducción a Wittgenstein

The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments

The Invention of Infinity: Essays on Husserl and the History of Philosophy: Essays on Husserl and the History of Philosophy (Contributions to Phenomenology, 124)

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Aesthetics: An Introduction

Epistemology: An Introduction

Ethics: An Introduction

Logic: An Introduction

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

The Atomos Blog

Terms & Concepts

Method of doubt (Methodological doubt)

Formal cause

Eudaimonia

Explanation

External meaning

Epistemic closure

Formal fallacy

Conjunction introduction

Double effect, doctrine of

Change of Quantifier (Quantifier Exchange) Rule

Strong argument

Dualism

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