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A Must Have Book For Every Philosophy Student
Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…

Books

  • Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education

    $12.99
  • The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments

    $55.00
  • God Can’t: How to Believe in God and Love after Tragedy, Abuse, and Other Evils

    $19.99
  • The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

    $10.36
  • Fifty Eastern Thinkers (Routledge Key Guides)

    $32.95
  • Hinduism For Dummies

    $14.39
  • The Philosopher’s Toolkit: A Compendium of Philosophical Concepts and Methods

    $26.75
  • Becoming Nobody: The Essential Ram Dass Collection

    $14.99
  • The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories (Landmark Series)

    $16.32
  • The Sovereignty of Good

    $20.95
  • What the Buddha Taught

    $104.99
  • I Am a Money Magnet: The Top 30 Money Making AffirMantras to Manifest More

    $19.99
  • Human, All Too Human I: Volume 3 (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche)

    $130.00
  • The Three Pillars of Zen: Teaching, Practice, and Enlightenment

    $20.00
  • Computing Machinery and Intelligence / Können Maschinen denken?: Englisch/Deutsch. [Great Papers Philosophie]

    $9.62
  • The Socratic Method: A Practitioner’s Handbook

    $22.99

Terms & Concepts

A

Anicca

The Buddhist doctrine of impermanence. Together with anatta and dukkha, anicca is one of the fundamental characteristics of things. https://youtube.com/shorts/7SGyjcELyP0?feature=share
A

Ambiguity

A property of a sentence in natural (or “ordinary”) language that has two or more meanings. The multiple meanings are the result either of using a word in more than…
N

Nirvana

The goal of all Buddhist practice, the highest state of enlightenment, which brings perfect peace and happiness in which desire and suffering disappear. https://youtube.com/shorts/DKybQ1Rj53M?feature=share
E
Existentialism
N
Natural right
M
Moral theory
C
Contradiction introduction
L
Leibniz’s Law
C
Church-Turing Thesis
C
Contraries
T
Truth of reason
O
Ontology
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