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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
Writing Philosophy
November 23, 2023

GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

BASICS OF GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING: A DEEPER DIVE Having surveyed the elements of good writing from 30,000 feet, let’s swoop in on some of the most important specifics. This means…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
Logic
November 15, 2023

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

In the classical logics already discussed, the logical connectives are taken to be bivalent—that is, they allow of only two different truth values: true and false. One natural extension to…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
Logic
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…

Books

  • Ancient Greek Philosophers (Leather-bound Classics)

    $14.79
  • Confessions

    $38.00
  • Leviathan: With selected variants from the Latin edition of 1668 (Hackett Classics)

    $17.00
  • The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy

    $44.10
  • The Republic

    $14.99
  • Theory of Form: Gerhard Richter and Art in the Pragmatist Age

    $30.00
  • The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Penguin Classics)

    $15.79
  • Stoic Meditations: The Daily Stoic Ways to Think Like a Roman Emperor – Meditations on Wisdom, Perseverance and the Art of Living (Mastering Stoicism)

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  • Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (Revised Edition)

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  • Muchas vidas, muchos maestros / Many Lives, Many Masters (Spanish Edition)

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  • The Secret of the Golden Flower: A Chinese Book of Life

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  • Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science

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  • How to See (Mindfulness Essentials)

    $9.89
  • A Year of Zen: A 52-Week Guided Journal (A Year of Reflections Journal)

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  • You are the Way: Manifest your Dream Life with Neville Goddard’s Law of Assumption

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  • UNDERSTANDING THOMAS HOBBES: The Smart Student’s Guide to Leviathan – Parts One and Two (Philosophy Study Guides)

    $9.24

Terms & Concepts

S

Sorites Paradox

Sometimes called the Paradox of the Heap, this is a paradox resulting from vague predicates.We all know what a heap of sand is. We all assume that removing a single…
S

Scope of the quantifier

The range of a quantifier over a domain of discourse; in symbolic logic notation, the quantifier’s scope is expressed by parentheses. https://youtube.com/shorts/3Jhrc7Toawk?feature=share
I

Internal meaning

That meaning or purpose originating in, or given to, oneself. https://youtube.com/shorts/7vT0OsU-IiY?feature=share
I
Internal meaning
A
Apeiron
C
Contraposition by limitation
A
Ad hominem argument
S
Sense-reference distinction
C
Cosmopolitanism
A
Ahimsa
P
Proof by contradiction
H
Happiness calculus (felicity calculus or hedonic calculus)
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