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Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…

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Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…

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STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICES Writing Philosophy

November 18, 2023

STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICES FOR PHILOSOPHY CLASS

Writing philosophy should not be easy, but you cannot allow it to become impossible. Here are five strategic rules of thumb for embarking on a successful writing project for philosophy…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.

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Modern Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.

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History Of Philosophy POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…

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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…

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History Of Philosophy THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.

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History Of Philosophy POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.

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By Philosophy Student In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed…

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NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

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INTUITIONISM

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RELEVANCE LOGICS

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MANY-VALUE LOGICS

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PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

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HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

Books

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The Logic of Sense
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UNDERSTANDING IMMANUEL KANT: The Smart Student’s Guide to Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (Philosophy Study Guides)
$8.74
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Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life
$17.95
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Five Lessons
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Wise-Love: Bhakti and the Search for the Soul of Consciousness (The Bhakti Trilogy)
$12.35
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What We Owe the Future
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Consciousness Is All: The Magnificent Truth of What You Are
$25.99
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Mahabharata [Paperback] [Jan 01, 2010] C.Rajagopalachari
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How to Think Like a Roman Emperor
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99 Zulu Proverbs and Sayings: A Collection of Classic Zulu Expressions, Wise Sayings, and Advice
$9.95
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The Symposium and Other Dialogues
$12.00
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Finitude’s Wounded Praise: Responses to Jean-Louis Chretien (Veritas)
$34.00
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A Search for Clarity: Science and Philosophy in Lacan’s Oeuvre (Diaeresis)
$34.95
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The Mastery of Self: A Toltec Guide to Personal Freedom
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Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?
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De Anima (On the Soul) (Penguin Classics)
$13.68

Terms & Concepts

Folk psychology

A set of commonsense principles regarding human cognition, including the distinctionbetween beliefs and desires, and the link between such propositional attitudes and behavior.This framework is challenged by eliminativists (see Eliminative…