CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyEXISTENTIALISM
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesLOGIC
December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of PhilosophyTRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
Writing PhilosophyESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySCHOLASTICISM
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySTRUCTURALISM
November 15, 2023

STRUCTURALISM

Structuralism refers to research undertaken in the social sciences, predominantly in France, between the 1950s and 1970s, which sought to understand various social phenomena as a “closed system” of elements.
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
LogicMANY-VALUE LOGICS
November 15, 2023

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

In the classical logics already discussed, the logical connectives are taken to be bivalent—that is, they allow of only two different truth values: true and false. One natural extension to…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTBOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
Writing PhilosophyWRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of PhilosophyNATURAL PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySAINT AUGUSTINE
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyTHE ESSAY OF REFUTATION
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF REFUTATION

The essay of refutation takes the position “I disagree.” Its objective is to persuade the reader that the argument of another is false, flawed, unlikely, implausible, or in some other…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGTHE PERSONAL ESSAY
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…

Books

  • Meditations (Penguin Classics)

    $8.44
  • Commentary on Thomas Aquinas’s Treatise on Law

    $43.99
  • Aquinas and Modern Science: A New Synthesis of Faith and Reason

    $30.00
  • Normativity and Agency: Themes from the Philosophy of Christine M. Korsgaard

    $90.00
  • The Marxification of Education: Paulo Freire’s Critical Marxism and the Theft of Education

    $17.24
  • The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (Routledge Classics)

    $24.01
  • No Self, No Problem: How Neuropsychology Is Catching Up to Buddhism (The No Self Wisdom Series)

    $0.99
  • Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid

    $14.99
  • Mortgage Loan Officer Training: How to Master the Fundamentals of Building Your Mortgage Business: During a Recession in Less Than 30 Days Without … (How To Without Sticking A Fork In Your Eye)

    $9.99
  • Glitch Feminism: A Manifesto

    $9.99
  • Critical Thinking & Logic Mastery – 3 Books In 1: How To Make Smarter Decisions, Conquer Logical Fallacies And Sharpen Your Thinking

    $30.64
  • The Shadow Work Journal: A Guide to Integrate and Transcend your Shadows

    $17.99
  • The Works of … Hugh Binning

    $31.95
  • The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

    $5.99
  • The Convoluted Universe: Book Five (The Convoluted Universe series)

    $16.66
  • Essays and Aphorisms (Penguin Classics)

    $14.27

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Terms & Concepts

O

Obversion

An immediate inference in which the proposition’s quality is changed and the predicate is replaced with its complement. (See also Categorical proposition, Complement, and Quality.) Obversion is valid for all…
F

Forms

In Plato’s metaphysics, the immaterial, immutable, eternal entities that make individualthings possible and are the pure objects of knowledge. Usually capitalized. https://youtube.com/shorts/MLsgwSsVkms?feature=share
C

Category mistake

An error of reasoning based on placing an entity in the wrong ontological or semantic category; Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976) famously argued that the metaphysical distinction between the mind and body…
C
Categorical Imperative
A
Ambiguity
P
Proof by cases
S
Semiotics
T
Truth value
I
Infinite regress (or regression)
W
Will
C
Compensatory justice
N
Natural law theory
View All