CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and…
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SCHOLASTICISM
SCHOLASTICISM
A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
RELEVANCE LOGICS
RELEVANCE LOGICS
A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
THE POSITION PAPER
THE POSITION PAPER
A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION
THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION
The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…
PHENOMENOLOGY
PHENOMENOLOGY
As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
EPICUREANISM
EPICUREANISM
Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
THE SOPHISTS
THE SOPHISTS
The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…
THE PERSONAL ESSAY
THE PERSONAL ESSAY
The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another…
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Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Control (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$15.99
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Stillness Is the Key
$7.99
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Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$28.00
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How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
$13.12
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Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
Books
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Meditations (Penguin Classics)
$8.44 -
Commentary on Thomas Aquinas’s Treatise on Law
$43.99 -
Aquinas and Modern Science: A New Synthesis of Faith and Reason
$30.00 -
Normativity and Agency: Themes from the Philosophy of Christine M. Korsgaard
$90.00 -
The Marxification of Education: Paulo Freire’s Critical Marxism and the Theft of Education
$17.24 -
The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (Routledge Classics)
$24.01 -
No Self, No Problem: How Neuropsychology Is Catching Up to Buddhism (The No Self Wisdom Series)
$0.99 -
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid
$14.99 -
Mortgage Loan Officer Training: How to Master the Fundamentals of Building Your Mortgage Business: During a Recession in Less Than 30 Days Without … (How To Without Sticking A Fork In Your Eye)
$9.99 -
Glitch Feminism: A Manifesto
$9.99 -
Critical Thinking & Logic Mastery – 3 Books In 1: How To Make Smarter Decisions, Conquer Logical Fallacies And Sharpen Your Thinking
$30.64 -
The Shadow Work Journal: A Guide to Integrate and Transcend your Shadows
$17.99 -
The Works of … Hugh Binning
$31.95 -
The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
$5.99 -
The Convoluted Universe: Book Five (The Convoluted Universe series)
$16.66 -
Essays and Aphorisms (Penguin Classics)
$14.27
The Atomos Blog
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
How do you get from a singularity to infinity?
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
The Threshold
The Threshold
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Terms & Concepts
Informal fallacy
An error in reasoning that is not the result of a formal, or structural, flaw. There are myriad informal fallacies, many of which involve distraction techniques and exploiting psychological vulnerabilities.…
Existential elimination
In symbolic logic, a valid inference in a system of quantifier rules. An existential claim is“eliminated” by way of a subproof that assumes a name for the claim in question,…
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