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ATOMISM

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RATIONALISM

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PRAGMATISM

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ARISTOTLE

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By In PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
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LogicHIGHER-ORDER LOGICS
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
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Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesAESTHETICS
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
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History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyTHE EXPOSITORY PAPER
November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…
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Writing PhilosophyESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTINTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
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Philosophy BranchesBRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS
November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTBOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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LogicMODAL LOGIC
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySCHOLASTICISM
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
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LogicQUANTUM LOGIC
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
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THOMISM

A school of thought based on the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Thomism is, like Scholasticism, principally concerned with…
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Logic

Books

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    Meditations: A New Translation

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    Meditations – The Classical Translation by George Long (Reader’s Library Classics)

    $5.66
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    The Message of the Bible: Relationship of Man with God through Christ

    $6.99
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    A Year of Living Your Yoga: Daily Practices to Shape Your Life

    $14.57
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    The Consolation of Philosophy: With an Introduction and Contemporary Criticism (Ignatius Critical Editions)

    $8.95
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    Hellenistic Astrology: The Study of Fate and Fortune

    $42.42
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    The Art of War

    $6.59
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    Fedón: Diálogos de Platón, Textos Clásicos filosóficos Griegos (Spanish Edition)

    $9.45
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    Transcendentalism and the Cultivation of the Soul

    $104.00
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    Stoicism for Inner Peace

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    Meditaciones (Spanish Edition)

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    The Essays: A Selection (Penguin Classics)

    $17.00
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    Tantra: The Supreme Understanding

    $16.95
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    An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments: Learn the Lost Art of Making Sense

    $10.99
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    Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values

    $22.79
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    Letters from a Stoic (Collins Classics)

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The Atomos Blog

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

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Philosophy of Law: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LAW

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Philosophy of Science: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

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Aesthetics: An IntroductionAESTHETICSAtomos

Aesthetics: An Introduction

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Epistemology: An IntroductionAtomosEPISTEMOLOGY

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Ethics: An IntroductionAtomosETHICS

Ethics: An Introduction

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Logic: An IntroductionAtomosLOGIC

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Metaphysics: An IntroductionAtomosMETAPHYSICS

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Philosophy of History: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

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Philosophy of Language: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

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Philosophy of Mind: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF MIND

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Political and Social Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosPOLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

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Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

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Existentialism and Phenomenology: An IntroductionAtomosEXISTENTIALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY

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Feminist Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosFEMINIST PHILOSOPHY

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Philosophy of Mind: An Introduction

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Terms & Concepts

S

Socratic method

Socrates’ (c. 470-399 BC) method of creating a critical question-answer dialogue to arrive at the truth of the meanings of ethical and other concepts. The “Socratic” method is known exclusively…
R

Rationalist

One who believes knowledge is achieved through reason unaided by experience. https://youtube.com/shorts/3JWEdb6rDds?feature=share
S

Sensation

The conscious awareness of the experience of an external world through organs of sense. https://youtube.com/shorts/UIcGhOe7dD4?feature=share
B
Becoming
D
Deconstruction
P
Proof by contradiction
C
Contradiction introduction
A
Attribute
A
Analects
P
Proposition
C
Cosmology
F
First-order logic
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