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Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…

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History Of Philosophy ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.

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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

METAPHYSICS

Metaphysics is the philosophical investigation of reality, including the nature of the world and the entities it contains. While such an investigation inevitably overlaps with natural philosophy—the sciences, especially physics…

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Writing Philosophy

November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…

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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

The Medieval Period is usually dated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476)and the beginning of the Renaissance (c. 1300). In terms of philosophy, the period begins inthe…

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Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

The eight skills just listed are so central to philosophical writing that we may count them among the criteria most instructors use in grading essay assignments. Keep these eight skills…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 23, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

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History Of Philosophy ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…

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By Philosophy Student In NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students,…

Logic

RELEVANCE LOGICS

Logic

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

Logic

INTUITIONISM

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Logic

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

Books

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William James in Focus: Willing to Believe (American Philosophy)
$8.25
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Hegel: Phenomenology and System
$17.00
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The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments
$15.44
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Fanged Noumena: Collected Writings 1987-2007
$20.99
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Buddhism without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening
$10.77
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Forget Foucault, new edition (Semiotext(e) / Foreign Agents)
$14.95
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The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments
$15.44
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Analytic Philosophy and Avicenna (Routledge Studies in Islamic Philosophy)
$48.95
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UNDERSTANDING JOHN STUART MILL: The Smart Student’s Guide to Utilitarianism and On Liberty (Philosophy Study Guides)
$9.24
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In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West (The Wellek Library Lectures)
$25.00
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The Birth of Tragedy: Out of the Spirit of Music (Penguin Classics)
$10.82
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Feline Philosophy
$13.99
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The Dynamics of Transformation: Tracing an Emerging World View
$17.95
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Of Grammatology
$39.00
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Being and Time: A Revised Edition of the Stambaugh Translation (SUNY series in Contemporary Continental Philosophy)
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A Course in Miracles: Text, Workbook for Students, Manual for Teachers
$22.49

The Atomos Blog

Atomos

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Exclusive disjunction

In formal logic, a disjunction is inclusive, so the expression, “One or the other” includes“…or both.” Exclusivity must be explicitly noted, as in, “One or the other, but not both.”…

Incorrigibility

Attribute of that which cannot be mistaken. https://youtube.com/shorts/Hdl8zPEiqU0?feature=share

Imperative

A command that prescribes how we should, or ought, to act. https://youtube.com/shorts/tbpt7TG0FPc?feature=share

Communism

Immortality

Analytic statement

Positive right

Disjunction elimination

Vicious circle (circular reasoning)

Contradiction elimination

Noncognitivism

Free will

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SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

RATIONALISM

EPICUREANISM

METAPHYSICS

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

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Logic

Books

William James in Focus: Willing to Believe (American Philosophy)

Hegel: Phenomenology and System

The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments

Fanged Noumena: Collected Writings 1987-2007

Buddhism without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening

Forget Foucault, new edition (Semiotext(e) / Foreign Agents)

The Complete Works: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments

Analytic Philosophy and Avicenna (Routledge Studies in Islamic Philosophy)

UNDERSTANDING JOHN STUART MILL: The Smart Student’s Guide to Utilitarianism and On Liberty (Philosophy Study Guides)

In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West (The Wellek Library Lectures)

The Birth of Tragedy: Out of the Spirit of Music (Penguin Classics)

Feline Philosophy

The Dynamics of Transformation: Tracing an Emerging World View

Of Grammatology

Being and Time: A Revised Edition of the Stambaugh Translation (SUNY series in Contemporary Continental Philosophy)

A Course in Miracles: Text, Workbook for Students, Manual for Teachers

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Aesthetics: An Introduction

Epistemology: An Introduction

Ethics: An Introduction

Logic: An Introduction

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

The Atomos Blog

Terms & Concepts

Exclusive disjunction

Incorrigibility

Imperative

Communism

Immortality

Analytic statement

Positive right

Disjunction elimination

Vicious circle (circular reasoning)

Contradiction elimination

Noncognitivism

Free will

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