WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY
For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the…
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THE SOPHISTS
THE SOPHISTS
The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…
AESTHETICS
AESTHETICS
Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
HEGELIANISM
HEGELIANISM
One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
EXISTENTIALISM
EXISTENTIALISM
A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
UTILITARIANISM
UTILITARIANISM
The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
RELEVANCE LOGICS
RELEVANCE LOGICS
A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEMOLOGY
Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
STOICISM
STOICISM
Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
PLATO
PLATO
Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
MODAL LOGIC
MODAL LOGIC
A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
THE PERSONAL ESSAY
THE PERSONAL ESSAY
The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
The Medieval Period is usually dated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476)and the beginning of the Renaissance (c. 1300). In terms of philosophy, the period begins inthe…
OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa,…
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six…
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Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Control (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$15.99
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Stillness Is the Key
$7.99
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Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$28.00
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How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
$13.12
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Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
Books
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Humanly Possible: Seven Hundred Years of Humanist Freethinking, Inquiry, and Hope
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The Essential Foucault: Selections from the Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984
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The Art of Communicating
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Nausea (New Directions Paperbook)
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The Dalai Lama’s Cat and the Claw of Attraction
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On Human Nature
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Discourses On The First
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Autobiography of a Yogi (Self-Realization Fellowship)
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The Wealth of Nations (Bantam Classics)
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The Pocket Pema Chodron (Shambhala Pocket Classics)
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The Four Agreements 1st (first) edition Text Only
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Selected Political Writings: On Liberty, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women
$12.95 -
Medieval Cosmology: Theories of Infinity, Place, Time, Void, and the Plurality of Worlds
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The Myth of Artificial Intelligence: Why Computers Can’t Think the Way We Do
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The Republic (Chartwell Classics)
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According to Plan: The Elites’ Secret Plan to Sabotage America
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Reexamining Spacetime Substantivalism: A Critique of Modal Arbitrariness and Determinism in Teitel’s Framework
Reexamining Spacetime Substantivalism: A Critique of Modal Arbitrariness and Determinism in Teitel’s Framework
Reexamining Spacetime Substantivalism: A Critique of Modal Arbitrariness and Determinism in Teitel’s Framework
Reexamining Spacetime Substantivalism: A Critique of Modal Arbitrariness and Determinism in Teitel’s Framework
Rule-Following and Artificial Intelligence: A Kripkean Perspective
Rule-Following and Artificial Intelligence: A Kripkean Perspective
The Eternal Coexistence of Consciousness and Spacetime: A Philosophical Inquiry
The Eternal Coexistence of Consciousness and Spacetime: A Philosophical Inquiry
Embracing Contradiction: An In-Depth Analysis of Dialetheism
Embracing Contradiction: An In-Depth Analysis of Dialetheism
Analysis of, and Responses to Edmund Gettier’s “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?”
Analysis of, and Responses to Edmund Gettier’s “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?”
The Unstable Foundation: A Critique of the Ontological Proof of God’s Existence
The Unstable Foundation: A Critique of the Ontological Proof of God’s Existence
Meta-Modal Actuality: A Dynamic Framework for Possibility, Actualization, and Causality
Meta-Modal Actuality: A Dynamic Framework for Possibility, Actualization, and Causality
Killing, Morality, and the Human Condition: A Philosophical Investigation
Killing, Morality, and the Human Condition: A Philosophical Investigation
The Intricacy of Existence: A Philosophical Exploration of Complexity, Contingency, and Divine Agency
The Intricacy of Existence: A Philosophical Exploration of Complexity, Contingency, and Divine Agency
The Ethics of Procreation and the Rational Acceptance of Life: A Critical Engagement with Weinberg’s Argument
The Ethics of Procreation and the Rational Acceptance of Life: A Critical Engagement with Weinberg’s Argument
Imagination, Consciousness, and the Nature of the Soul: A Philosophical Inquiry
Imagination, Consciousness, and the Nature of the Soul: A Philosophical Inquiry
The Interplay of Karma, Rebirth, and Non-Self in Buddhist Philosophy: A Metaphysical Inquiry
The Interplay of Karma, Rebirth, and Non-Self in Buddhist Philosophy: A Metaphysical Inquiry
Metaphysical Perspectives: A Comparative Analysis of Theism and Atheism
Metaphysical Perspectives: A Comparative Analysis of Theism and Atheism
The Infinite Universe, Death, and the Search for Meaning: A Philosophical Exploration of Existence, the Divine, and Human Mortality
The Infinite Universe, Death, and the Search for Meaning: A Philosophical Exploration of Existence, the Divine, and Human Mortality
The Unconscious Artistry of Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Reflection on Spinoza’s God and the Blind Watchmaker
The Unconscious Artistry of Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Reflection on Spinoza’s God and the Blind Watchmaker
The Ethics of Procreation and the Rational Acceptance of Life: A Critical Engagement with Weinberg’s Argument
The Ethics of Procreation and the Rational Acceptance of Life: A Critical Engagement with Weinberg’s Argument
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Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Control (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$15.99
-
Stillness Is the Key
$7.99
-
Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$28.00
-
How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
$13.12
-
Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
- Atomos
- AESTHETICS
- Aesthetic Experience
- Disinterestedness
- Emotion and Imagination
- Artistic Value and Judgment
- Aesthetic Standards
- Criticism and Evaluation
- Interpretation and Meaning
- Intentionalism vs Anti Intentionalism
- Interpretation In Literature Music Visual Art
- Philosophy of Art
- Artistic Creation
- Nature of Art
- ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY
- Animal Ethics
- Anthropocentrism vs Ecocentrism
- Climate Ethics
- Deep Ecology
- EPISTEMOLOGY
- Belief, Truth and Evidence
- Evidentialism vs Reliabilism
- Theories of Truth Correspondence Coherence Pragmatic
- Justification and Skepticism
- Foundationalism vs Coherentism
- Global and Local Skepticism
- Internalism vs Externalism
- Nature and Limits Of Knowledge
- A Priori vs a Posteriori Knowledge
- Knowledge vs True Belief
- Rationalism vs Empiricism
- Social Epistemology
- Epistemic Injustice
- Group Epistemology
- Testimony
- Virtue Epistemology
- ETHICS
- Applied Ethics
- Bioethics
- Business and Professional Ethics
- Environmental Ethics
- Technology and Ai Ethics
- Meta Ethics
- Cognitivism vs Non-cognitivism
- Moral Realism vs Anti Realism
- Naturalism vs Non-naturalism
- Moral Phsycology
- Moral Development
- Moral Emotions
- Moral Motivation
- Normative Ethics
- Consequentialism
- Deontology
- Virtue Ethics
- EXISTENTIALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY
- Conscious Experience
- Embodied Consciousness
- Intentionality
- Human Freedom and Authenticity
- Responsibility and Choice
- Meaning and Absurdity
- Existential Angst
- Nihilism
- FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY
- Critique of Traditional Frameworks
- Patriarchy and canon Critique
- Feminist Epistemology and Ethics
- Gender and Identity
- Queer Theory
- Social Construction
- Intersectionality
- Race Class and Gender Intersections
- GLOBAL AND COMPARATIVE PHILOSOPHY
- African Philosophy
- Communalism
- Decolonial Thought
- Sage Philosophy
- Ubuntu
- Eastern Philosophy
- Chinese Philosophy Confucianism Daoism
- Indian Philosophy Vedanta Buddhism Jainism
- Japanese Philosophy Zen Kyoto School
- Indigenous Philosophy
- Epistemologies and Ritual
- Land and oral Tradition
- Native American Worldviews
- Latin American Philosophy
- Coloniality and Resistance
- Liberation Philosophy
- Mestizo Thought
- HISTORICAL PERIODS OF PHILOSOPHY
- Ancient Philosophy
- Classical Greek Plato Aristotle
- Hellenistic and Roman
- Pre Socratic
- Medieval Philosophy
- Christian Islamic Jewish Traditions
- Modern Philosophy
- Empiricists Locke Berkeley Hume
- Kant and Critique
- Rationalists Descartes Spinoza Leibniz
- Nineteenth Century Philosophy
- Hegelianism
- Marxism
- Nietzsche
- Twentieth and Twenty First Century Philosophy
- Analytic Philosophy
- Continental Philosophy
- Postmodernism
- LOGIC
- Formal Logic
- Modal Logic
- Predicate Logic
- Propositional Logic
- Informal Logic
- Argumentation
- Fallacies
- Philosophy of Logic
- Logic and Language
- Logical Pluralism
- Nature of Logical Truth
- Symbolic Logic
- Model Theory
- Proof Theory
- METAPHYSICS
- Cosmology
- Origin and Structure of The Universe
- Space and TIme
- Free Will And Determination
- Agency and Responsibility
- Compatibilism vs Incompatibilism
- Identity and Change
- Persistence Through Time
- Personal Identity
- Modality
- Counterfactuals
- Possibility and Necessity
- Ontology
- Categories and Universals
- Nature of Being
- Substance and Essence
- PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
- Critical Thinking and Moral- Development
- Democratic Education
- Pedagogical Ethics
- Purpose of Education
- PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
- Historical Explanation
- Narrative and Causation
- Nature of Historical Knowledge
- Objectivity and Interpretation
- Teleology and Progress
- PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
- Linguistic Philosophy
- Language and Reality
- Ordinary Language Philosophy
- Meaning and Reference
- Sense and Reference Frege Russell
- Theories of Reference
- Semantics and Pragmatics
- Context and Meaning
- Indexicals and Anaphora
- Speech Acts
- Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts
- PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
- Critical Legal Theory
- Critical Race Theory
- Feminist Legal Theory
- Law and Morality
- Civil Disobedience
- Unjust Laws
- Legal Reasoning
- Judicial Discretion
- Precedent and Interpretation
- Nature and Sources of Law
- Legal Positivism
- Legal Realism
- Natural Law Theory
- Rights and Justice
- Legal Rights Vs Moral Rights
- Theories Of Punishment
- PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
- Artificial Intelligence and Cognition
- Ai and Machine Consciousness
- Computational Theory of Mind
- Consciousness
- Access Consciousness
- Phenomenal Consciousness
- Mental Representation
- Content and Computation
- Intentionality Conscious Experience
- Mind Body Problem
- Dualism vs Physicalism
- Functionalism
- Personal Identity
- Embodied Identity
- Psychological Continuity
- PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
- Philosophy of Specific Sciences
- Philosophy of Biology
- Philosophy of Mathematics
- Philosophy of Physics
- Philosophy of Social Sciences
- Realism vs Anti-Realism
- Instrumentalism
- Scientific Realism
- Scientific Method and Explanation
- Induction and Falsifiability
- Models and Theories
- PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY
- Ai Surveillance and Transhumanism
- Data Ethics
- Human Enhancement
- Ethics of Innovation
- Risk and Responsibility
- Human Technology Relationship
- Embodiment and Extension
- POLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
- Liberty and Authority
- Autonomy
- Political Obligation
- Political Ideologies
- Anarchism
- Conservatism
- Liberalism
- Marxism Nineteenth Century Philosophy
- Rights and Citizenship
- Civic Identity
- Human Rights
- Immigration and Nationalism
- Theories of Justice
- Distributive and Retributive Justice
- Rawlsian Theory
Terms & Concepts
Dukkha
The Buddhist concept that expresses the “suffering” and “pain” of existence. https://youtube.com/shorts/cSABtJPIFkM?feature=share
First-order consequence
A statement that follows from premises exclusively by way of truth-functional connectivedefinitions, identity, and quantifiers. https://youtube.com/shorts/hlX88ZKexlg?feature=share
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