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History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
Logic
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 23, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Books

  • Summary of Unchecked: A Guide to Rachael Bade’s Book

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  • Stoic Meditations: The Daily Stoic Ways to Think Like a Roman Emperor – Meditations on Wisdom, Perseverance and the Art of Living (Mastering Stoicism)

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  • Philosophy, Literature, and the Dissolution of the Subject: Nietzsche, Musil, Atay (Studies in Philosophy, Culture and Contemporary Society)

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  • I And Thou

    $13.48
  • Self-Reliance and Other Essays

    $3.95
  • Ashtavakra Gita: Word-for-Word Translation from Sanskrit by

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  • The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1

    $15.73
  • The Politics of Language

    $37.95
  • Awakening the Other Way: Nonduality and Existential Reason (Unlock Tao)

    $26.95
  • The Prince

    $7.99
  • Unpopular Essays (Routledge Classics)

    $22.95
  • Uncommon Sense: Jeremy Bentham, Queer Aesthetics, and the Politics of Taste

    $32.50
  • A Thousand Brains

    $15.39
  • Domestic Extremist: A Practical Guide to Winning the Culture War

    $18.79
  • Print Handwriting Workbook for Teens: Improve your printing handwriting & practice print penmanship workbook for teens and tweens

    $6.75
  • Determined

    $29.62

Terms & Concepts

M

Modus tollens

“Mode of Denial,” the Latin name for the formal logic rule that allows the negation of the antecedent of a conditional claim from the denial of the consequent. Argument of…
D

Datum

Latin (singular) for “what is given.” https://youtube.com/shorts/1bx6ybHJkhg?feature=share
L

Language game

That linguistic activity in which meaning and use are understood by those who use the activity https://youtube.com/shorts/c8Nebid7Pk0?feature=share
U
Uncogent argument
A
Anatta
I
Implication
I
Idea
S
Semantic theory of truth
C
Conjunction introduction
P
Picture theory of meaning
A
Ambiguity
E
Ethical egoism
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