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Philosophy Student
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LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes…
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING PHILOSOPHY

How Do You Do Philosophy? Writing Is Central To Philosophy What Philosophy Professors Want From Student Writers What Is Good Writing? What Is Good Philosophical Writing? Grading Criteria for Philosophy…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
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History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
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Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…
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History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

The Medieval Period is usually dated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476)and the beginning of the Renaissance (c. 1300). In terms of philosophy, the period begins inthe…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
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Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
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History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa,…
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By In CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily…
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Logic

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    As Many Reps As Possible

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    The Gang of Three: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (Ancient Wisdom)

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    Tao Te Ching: A New English Version (Perennial Classics)

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    In Praise of Shadows

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    At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being, and Apricot Cocktails with Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Others

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    On Dialogue (Routledge Classics)

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    The Book: On the Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are

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    Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy (2 volume set)

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    The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom

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    Cassirer (The Routledge Philosophers)

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    To Have or To Be? (Bloomsbury Revelations)

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    Proslogion, with the Replies of Gaunilo and Anselm

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    Tao Te Ching (Arcturus Ornate Classics)

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Terms & Concepts

P

Probable

That which is likely but not certain or guaranteed. https://youtube.com/shorts/5F29LijB5TY?feature=share
D

Dao

See Tao https://youtube.com/shorts/ON-34MKv-Ok?feature=share
C

Conversion by limitation

A two-step inference involving the subalternation from the A-proposition to its corresponding I-proposition and then converting the result. Conversion by limitation is a valid inference only for the A-proposition on…
L
Leibniz’s Law
C
Contradiction
P
Prima facie
A
Atomic sentence
J
Justification
T
Tautological consequence
P
Psychologism egoism
F
Fact-value distinction
R
Relativism
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