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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

HERMENEUTICS

Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the modern context, this refers to both verbal and non-verbal “texts”…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 23, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.

Books

  • Infinite Potential: The Greatest Works of Neville Goddard

    $12.89
  • The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse: A Great Gift for Book Lovers

    $15.17
  • Estoicismo: La sabiduría eterna para vivir una buena vida – Desarrolla el valor, construye la confianza y encuentra la paz interior (Inteligencia Emocional Práctica) (Spanish Edition)

    $16.48
  • The Philosophy of Julia Kristeva (Library of Living Philosophers, 36)

    $136.99
  • The Art of Living: Peace and Freedom in the Here and Now

    $11.37
  • The I Ching, or, Book of Changes (Bollingen Series XIX) (Bollingen Series, 31)

    $22.61
  • Humanly Possible

    $56.59
  • Shadow Work Journal for Black Women: A Guided Spiritual Journal for Healing, Growth, Self-Discovery & Reflection With Prompts to Work Through Past … Self-Love & Spirituality for Black Women)

    $12.93
  • Selected Political Writings: On Liberty, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women

    $12.95
  • The Top Ten Things Dead People Want to Tell YOU

    $15.74
  • Meditations

    $8.99
  • Be Still & Soar: Finding Strength and Solace in Any Storm

    $23.99
  • Truth and Method (Bloomsbury Revelations)

    $34.95
  • Logical Investigations, Vol. 1 (International Library of Philosophy)

    $37.10
  • The Second Sex

    $4.99
  • Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching: A Book about the Way and the Power of the Way

    $5.99

Terms & Concepts

R

Reflective equilibrium

A method for justifying a set of beliefs by the simultaneous adjustment of initial principles and resulting theories. For instance, Nelson Goodman (1906-1998) argued that we can justify a particular…
S

Socratic method

Socrates’ (c. 470-399 BC) method of creating a critical question-answer dialogue to arrive at the truth of the meanings of ethical and other concepts. The “Socratic” method is known exclusively…
C

Causation (or causality)

One event (cause) brings about another event (effect). Causes and effects are considered lawlike natural events https://youtube.com/shorts/lnczRqSkCgo?feature=share
M
Method of doubt (Methodological doubt)
I
Internal meaning
C
Coherence
C
Contraposition by limitation
G
Game theory
F
Gettier problem
C
Conversion
F
Fatalism
I
Inference rule
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