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A Must Have Book For Every Philosophy Student
Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

Based in the Ionian colony of Elea (modern-day Velia) in southern Italy, and primarily associated with Parmenides (early fifth century BC) and Melissus of Samos (mid fifth century BC), the…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…

Books

  • The Republic (Chartwell Classics)

    $10.99
  • The Wager of the Soul: Jungian Psychology in the Gospel According to Mark

    $19.99
  • The Enchiridion: Adapted for the Contemporary Reader

    $29.99
  • How to Read Like a Parasite: Why the Left Got High on Nietzsche

    $14.95
  • The History of Sexuality: The Use of Pleasure v. 2

    $71.84
  • Gravity and Grace (Routledge Classics)

    $21.13
  • An Introduction to General Systems Thinking

    $9.98
  • The Analects (Penguin Classics)

    $12.00
  • The Gay Science

    $21.53
  • Decoding Jung’s Metaphysics: The Archetypal Semantics of an Experiential Universe

    $19.95
  • El librito azul (Spanish Edition)

    $15.95
  • Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life

    $13.29
  • What Does Europe Want?: The Union and Its Discontents (Insurrections: Critical Studies in Religion, Politics, and Culture)

    $15.60
  • Textos sobre la caballería espiritual – Las cuarenta estaciones del alma (Spanish Edition)

    $15.82
  • The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools (Thinker’s Guide Library)

    $13.00
  • Foucault 2.0: Beyond Power and Knowledge

    $25.92

Terms & Concepts

S

Standard form

1) The organization of a categorical proposition: Quantifier, subject term, copula, and predicate term. (See also Categorical proposition.) 2) The organization of an argument,where the premises are listed, one on…
A

Analytical consequence

In formal logic, a statement (or sentence) is an analytical consequence of another because of one or more logical features. These logical features are truth-functional connectives, identity, predicate symbol, and…
E

Epiphenomenalism

The theory that bodily states cause mental states but mental states do not affect the body. These mental states are the effects of physical processes (brain and nervous system). An…
A
Apeiron
H
Hypothetical imperative
E
Ethical egoism
G
Grue Paradox
I
Identity theory
C
Contraposition by limitation
E
E-proposition
R
Retributive justice
I
Immortality
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