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History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy. Following Plato’s death, Aristotle traveled, became tutor to Alexander the…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…

Books

  • Tao for Now: Wisdom of the Watercourse

    $18.95
  • Basic Writings of Nietzsche (Modern Library Classics)

    $21.91
  • Utilitarianism

    $6.99
  • Humanly Possible: Seven Hundred Years of Humanist Freethinking, Inquiry, and Hope

    $30.63
  • Tantra Illuminated: The Philosophy, History, and Practice of a Timeless Tradition

    $21.99
  • The Enchiridion: Adapted for the Contemporary Reader

    $19.99
  • Fedón: Diálogos de Platón, Textos Clásicos filosóficos Griegos (Spanish Edition)

    $9.45
  • What Do I Know?: Essential Essays

    $24.00
  • The Complete Works of Nietzsche

    $33.08
  • The Complete Strategy Collection: The Art of War, The Prince, The Book of Five Rings, On War and Arthashastra

    $25.95
  • The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation

    $13.08
  • Inner Engineering: A Yogi’s Guide to Joy

    $16.99
  • Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

    $11.95
  • Everyone is Batsh*t Crazy: How to Overcome Adversity and Achieve Success in Life

    $12.95
  • Leviathan (Penguin Classics)

    $11.79
  • In Praise of Failure: Four Lessons in Humility

    $27.85

Terms & Concepts

M

Material cause

A thing’s material composition. https://youtube.com/shorts/96Kltr-oGLE?feature=share
S

Sense-reference distinction

According to Gottlob Frege (1848-1925), terms of natural language are to be understood both with respect to the objects they denote (their reference) and their mode of presentation (their sense);…
Q

Quantity

A categorical claim’s status as universal or particular. (See also Categorical proposition.) https://youtube.com/shorts/yplWkxbcRsw?feature=share
S
Statement
N
Necessity
L
Law of the Excluded Middle
I
Internal meaning
C
Categorical Logic
F
Feminist ethics
O
Obversion
I
Instrumental goods
R
Ren
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