Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of PhilosophyNATURAL PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGTHE ESSAY OF ASSERTION
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
Writing PhilosophyGOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 23, 2023

GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

BASICS OF GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING: A DEEPER DIVE Having surveyed the elements of good writing from 30,000 feet, let’s swoop in on some of the most important specifics. This means…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyCONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
November 15, 2023

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?EMPIRICISM
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of PhilosophyTRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyMIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the earliest philosophical literature. Much of it is devoted to what…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTINTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesLOGIC
December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of PhilosophyRATIONALISM
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySCHOLASTICISM
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
Writing PhilosophyHOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTCRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTBOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of PhilosophyPHILOSOPHY OF LAW
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…

Books

  • Refuge Recovery: A Buddhist Path to Recovering from Addiction

    $11.19
  • Human, All Too Human I: Volume 3 (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche)

    $130.00
  • The Development of Logic

    $51.57
  • Pensées (Penguin Classics)

    $13.00
  • Leave It Be: Alan Watts on the Art of Meditation

    $33.99
  • Manifesto for Philosophy: Followed by Two Essays: “the (Re)Turn of Philosophy Itself” and “Definition of Philosophy” (Suny Series, Intersections, Philosophy and Critical Theory)

    $31.95
  • The Hindu-yogi science of breath (Vol-1): a complete manual of the oriental breathing philosophy of physical, mental, psychic and spiritual development

    $9.99
  • Metaphysical Animals: How Four Women Brought Philosophy Back to Life

    $19.00
  • Critique of Pure Reason (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant)

    $49.28
  • La Revolución del Espíritu: Los Paradigmas Civilizatorios (Spanish Edition)

    $12.00
  • Nature and Norm: Judaism, Christianity, and the Theopolitical Problem (New Perspectives in Post-Rabbinic Judaism)

    $71.14
  • The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities (Henry L. Stimson Letures)

    $19.75
  • Pablo Escobar: Beyond Narcos (War On Drugs Book 1)

    $4.89
  • Science of Being

    $22.00
  • Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an (Routledge Studies in the Qur’an)

    $51.71
  • Philosophy For Dummies

    $20.49

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Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

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Terms & Concepts

S

State of nature

A hypothetical situation prior to the creation of any political organization, it is used as a framework to discuss the existence of natural rights, the benefits of political organization, and…
C

Contraposition

An immediate inference made by exchanging the subject and predicate terms of a categorical proposition, and then adding the complement to the subject and predicate terms. Contraposition is a valid…
I

Inference to the best explanation

Ampliative method of inference concluding that the explanation that best explains the available evidence is likely to be true. https://youtube.com/shorts/K2LhdmvK-3g?feature=share
T
Transcendental deduction
F
First principles
I
Internal meaning
N
Noncognitivism
C
Cosmogony
D
Divine preordination
R
Relational predicate
M
Minor term
S
Samsara
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