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By In PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
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Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
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ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…
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STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICESWriting Philosophy
November 18, 2023

STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICES FOR PHILOSOPHY CLASS

Writing philosophy should not be easy, but you cannot allow it to become impossible. Here are five strategic rules of thumb for embarking on a successful writing project for philosophy…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
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Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STRUCTURALISM

Structuralism refers to research undertaken in the social sciences, predominantly in France, between the 1950s and 1970s, which sought to understand various social phenomena as a “closed system” of elements.
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
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History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
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Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…
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ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
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By In History Of Philosophy

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to…
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Logic

Books

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    Osho Zen Tarot: The Transcendental Game Of Zen (79-Card Deck and 192-Page Book)

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    The Way of Zen

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    The Beast and the Sovereign, Volume II (The Seminars of Jacques Derrida)

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    Truth, Politics, Morality: Pragmatism and Deliberation

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    Why Does the World Exist?: An Existential Detective Story

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    The Gay Science: or The Joyful Wisdom

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    The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

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    The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Penguin Classics)

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    The virtue of selfishness

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    The Little Book of Philosophy: An Introduction to the Key Thinkers and Theories You Need to Know

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    Free Will [Deckle Edge]

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    The Will to Power

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    Socrates’ Children Volume II: Medieval Philosophers

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    The Twilight of the Idols and the Anti-Christ: or How to Philosophize with a Hammer (Penguin Classics)

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    Dialectic of Enlightenment (Cultural Memory in the Present)

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    Courage Is Calling: Fortune Favors the Brave

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Terms & Concepts

S

Samsara

In Buddhism, one’s cycle of repeated deaths and rebirths. https://youtube.com/shorts/1AMR3dKFUlA?feature=share
B

Brentano’s Thesis

Named for Franz Brentano (1838-1917), this is the claim that since all and only mental phenomena are intentional (that is, they are about other things), the mental cannot be reduced…
I

Induction

Reasoning from experience to a conclusion that is claimed likely to be true. https://youtube.com/shorts/ubl7ULovzfk?feature=share
C
Complement
S
Self-contradictory
E
External meaning
E
Explanation
D
Domain of discourse
C
Conjunction
D
Deism
C
Conjunction introduction
H
Hypothesis
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