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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
Logic
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…

Books

  • The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy (Northwestern University Studies in Phenomenology & Existential Philosophy)

    $29.95
  • Selected writings

    $533.99
  • Bhagavad Gita: A New Translation

    $12.39
  • Consciousness Is All: The Magnificent Truth of What You Are

    $25.99
  • Knowledge & Decisions

    $282.14
  • Letters from a Stoic: Complete (Letters 1 – 124) Adapted for the Contemporary Reader

    $39.99
  • Mystics of the Renaissance: Their Relation to Modern Thought

    $6.15
  • Self-Reliance and Other Essays: Emerson’s Essays, First Series

    $11.50
  • The Power of Your Subconscious Mind: There Are No Limits to the Prosperity, Happiness, and Peace of Mind You Can Achieve Simply by Using the Power of the Subconscious Mind, Updated

    $16.00
  • The Little Book of Stoicism: Timeless Wisdom to Gain Resilience, Confidence, and Calmness

    $14.79
  • Logical Investigations, Vol. 1 (International Library of Philosophy)

    $37.10
  • Posthuman Feminism

    $74.95
  • On Fear

    $13.99
  • Sleeper, Awake: 40 days of companionship for the deconstruction process (The Path of Unlearning)

    $9.97
  • More Matrix and Philosophy: Revolutions and Reloaded Decoded (Popular Culture and Philosophy) (Popular Culture and Philosophy, 11)

    $17.95
  • The Extended Mind: The Power of Thinking Outside the Brain

    $18.99

Terms & Concepts

I

Imperative

A command that prescribes how we should, or ought, to act. https://youtube.com/shorts/tbpt7TG0FPc?feature=share
I

Informal fallacy

An error in reasoning that is not the result of a formal, or structural, flaw. There are myriad informal fallacies, many of which involve distraction techniques and exploiting psychological vulnerabilities.…
F

First-order validity

An argument is valid when a sentence is logically true by way of truth-functional connectivedefinitions, identity, and quantifiers. https://youtube.com/shorts/CZnU2xWzcRg?feature=share
A
Amoral
S
Standard form
F
First-order contradiction
U
Universal quantifier
C
Cogito, ergo sum
D
Disjunction elimination
K
KK Thesis
Q
Quality
E
Empirical
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