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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

Based in the Ionian colony of Elea (modern-day Velia) in southern Italy, and primarily associated with Parmenides (early fifth century BC) and Melissus of Samos (mid fifth century BC), the…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF REFUTATION

The essay of refutation takes the position “I disagree.” Its objective is to persuade the reader that the argument of another is false, flawed, unlikely, implausible, or in some other…

Books

  • Meditations (Dover Thrift Editions: Philosophy)

    $5.00
  • I Am the Word: A Guide to the Consciousness of Man’s Self in a Transitioning Time (Mastery Trilogy/Paul Selig Series)

    $17.00
  • Being and Nothingness

    $20.15
  • Introducing Ethics

    $0.96
  • The Gay Science

    $9.70
  • Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology (Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 2)

    $22.93
  • Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

    $8.75
  • How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life: An Unexpected Guide to Human Nature and Happiness

    $12.99
  • Collected Essays in Speculative Philosophy (New Perspectives in Ontology)

    $24.95
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: 7 Ways to Freedom from Anxiety, Depression, and Intrusive Thoughts

    $42.42
  • Inner Engineering: A Yogi’s Guide to Joy

    $16.99
  • Courage To Be Disliked

    $20.76
  • Walden: The Original 1854 Edition (A Henry David Thoreau Classics)

    $8.97
  • No Mud, No Lotus: The Art of Transforming Suffering

    $9.93
  • The Theory of Critical Thinking: Question, Analyze, Reflect, Debate. (The critical thinker)

    $19.99
  • Unplug Your Robot: The Secret to Lasting Happiness

    $12.95

Terms & Concepts

T

Thick concept

A concept with both substantially descriptive and evaluative content (as opposed to a thin concept). Paradigmatic examples are found in virtue ethics, and aesthetics. Some philosophers maintain that thick concepts…
I

Inference rule

In a formal system of logic, a principle whereby one statement is inferred from another or others; the logical rules by which validity is defined. https://youtube.com/shorts/IcuiD9lPVFg?feature=share
M

Modus ponens“

Mode of affirmation,” the Latin name for the formal logic rule that allows the inference of the consequent of a conditional claim from the affirmation of the antecedent. Argument of…
G
Generalization from experience (or Inductive generalization)
L
Logic
N
Noncognitivism
I
Immaterialism
V
Valid argument
T
Truth value
P
Polytheism
C
Conjunction elimination
C
Causal theory of perception
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