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Writing effectively for a philosophy course does not merely start with the general principles of good writing just outlined, it sets out to show mastery of these principles. It embodies…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 20, 2023

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…

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ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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Logic

November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…

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History Of Philosophy NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…

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History Of Philosophy POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.

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By Philosophy Student In CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another…

Logic

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

Logic

RELEVANCE LOGICS

Logic

QUANTUM LOGIC

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BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

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MANY-VALUE LOGICS

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Courage Is Calling: Fortune Favors the Brave (The Stoic Virtues Series)
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Meditations
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The Analytic Tradition in Philosophy, Volume 2: A New Vision
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The Stoic’s Guide to Emotional Mastery: Learn How to Stay Calm and Disciplined (Emotional Resilience)
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The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories (Landmark Series)
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Race Marxism: The Truth About Critical Race Theory and Praxis
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The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen
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Modern Philosophy: An Introduction and Survey
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Isaac’s Fear: An Early Modern Encyclopedia of Judaism
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The Gang of Three: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (Ancient Wisdom)
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How States Think: The Rationality of Foreign Policy
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The Fallacy Detective: Thirty-Eight Lessons on How to Recognize Bad Reasoning
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A Therapeutic Journey: Lessons from The School of Life
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Perlas sufíes: Saber y sabor de mevlânâ Rûmî
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UN SUEÑO HACIA EL DESPERTAR (Spanish Edition)
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Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy
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Terms & Concepts

Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems

For any axiomatic theory (including axiomatizations of arithmetic), there will be a sentencein the language of the theory that cannot be proved. Such a sentence may be either a true…