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LOGICAL POSITIVISM

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MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

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THOMISM

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By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

EMPIRICISM

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By In PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters…
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History Of PhilosophyANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYLOGICAL POSITIVISM
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
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LogicBASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
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Writing PhilosophyWRITING PHILOSOPHY
November 24, 2023

WRITING PHILOSOPHY

How Do You Do Philosophy? Writing Is Central To Philosophy What Philosophy Professors Want From Student Writers What Is Good Writing? What Is Good Philosophical Writing? Grading Criteria for Philosophy…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyTHE POSITION PAPER
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
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Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesEPISTEMOLOGY
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
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History Of PhilosophyATOMISM
November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…
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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyPHENOMENOLOGY
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of PhilosophyTRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
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LogicPREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesBIOETHICS
November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…
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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySAINT AUGUSTINE
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
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History Of PhilosophyTHE PRE-SOCRATICS
November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…
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Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of PhilosophyETHICS
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
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PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher,…
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Logic

Books

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    The Emperor’s Handbook: A New Translation of The Meditations

    $15.69
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    Osho Zen Tarot: The Transcendental Game Of Zen (79-Card Deck and 192-Page Book)

    $23.39
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    Thus Spoke Zarathustra

    $6.93
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    Philosophy in the Renaissance: An Anthology

    $34.95
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    The Elizabethan World Picture: A Study of the Idea of Order in the Age of Shakespeare, Donne and Milton

    $8.76
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    Thirty Seals & The Seal Of Seals (Collected Works of Giordano Bruno)

    $16.00
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    The Guide of the Perplexed, Vol. 1

    $38.00
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    Leviathan

    $14.99
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    The Autobiography of Satan

    $23.90
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    The Book of Ichigo Ichie: The Art of Making the Most of Every Moment, the Japanese Way

    $14.99
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    Commentary on Thomas Aquinas’s Treatise on Law

    $43.99
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    Why Buddhism is True: The Science and Philosophy of Meditation and Enlightenment

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    Socrates: A Man for Our Times

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    Pragmatism and Other Writings (Penguin Classics)

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    Foucault 2.0: Beyond Power and Knowledge

    $25.92
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    The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy (Routledge Philosophy Companions)

    $62.95

The Atomos Blog

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

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Philosophy of Law: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LAW

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Aesthetics: An IntroductionAESTHETICSAtomos

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Epistemology: An IntroductionAtomosEPISTEMOLOGY

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Ethics: An IntroductionAtomosETHICS

Ethics: An Introduction

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Logic: An IntroductionAtomosLOGIC

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Metaphysics: An IntroductionAtomosMETAPHYSICS

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Political and Social Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosPOLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

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Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

Environmental Philosophy: An Introduction

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Existentialism and Phenomenology: An IntroductionAtomosEXISTENTIALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY

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Feminist Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosFEMINIST PHILOSOPHY

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Terms & Concepts

S

Sorites Paradox

Sometimes called the Paradox of the Heap, this is a paradox resulting from vague predicates.We all know what a heap of sand is. We all assume that removing a single…
R

Rationality

Acting in accordance with reason or one’s rational capacity. https://youtube.com/shorts/h9XDA1BGv38?feature=share
E

Ethical egoism

The view that one should act in one’s self-interest. (See also Egoism.) https://youtube.com/shorts/RG61vMi5PYs?feature=share
M
Moral reasoning
G
General conditional proof
F
Folk psychology
U
Uncogent argument
B
Becoming
T
Thing-in-Itself
A
Ambiguity
H
Human rights
L
Logical equivalence (logically equivalent statements)
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