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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF REFUTATION

The essay of refutation takes the position “I disagree.” Its objective is to persuade the reader that the argument of another is false, flawed, unlikely, implausible, or in some other…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…

Books

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  • How to Die: An Ancient Guide to the End of Life (Ancient Wisdom for Modern Readers)

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  • Self-Reliance and Other Essays: Emerson’s Essays, First Series

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  • Beyond Pure Reason: Ferdinand de Saussure’s Philosophy of Language and Its Early Romantic Antecedents (Leonard Hastings Schoff Lectures)

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  • The Upanishads (Easwaran’s Classics of Indian Spirituality Book 2)

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  • An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (Oxford World’s Classics)

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  • Self-Reliance and Other Essays

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  • The Rigor of Angels: Borges, Heisenberg, Kant, and the Ultimate Nature of Reality

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  • American Transcendentalism: A History

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  • Unpopular Essays (Routledge Classics)

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  • The Little Blue Book aka El Librito Azul: Metaphysics in Simple Terms (MASTERS OF METAPHYSICS)

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  • Walden

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  • Old Path White Clouds: Walking in the Footsteps of the Buddha

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Terms & Concepts

T

Tarski’s T-Schema

An adequacy condition for any definition of truth is that it implies conditionals of the form“‘p’ is true if and only if p” for every sentence of the language; some…
C

Conscience

One’s internal moral compass, as in the view that God instills in us a moral sense. Conscience is a sort of moral intuition—that is, an undefended or unexamined moral sense.…
S

Sympathy

Fellow feeling; a felt concern for other people’s welfare. In the ethics of David Hume (1711-1776) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), sympathy is the necessary and universal sentiment without which morals—and…
D
Dialectic
B
Biconditional
F
Formal fallacy
S
Sorites Paradox
M
Modal logic
E
External meaning
F
Feminist ethics
Q
Quality
C
Consistent
View All