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Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Political philosophy is at least as old as Plato (428/227 or 424/423-348/347 BC) and is concerned with the nature of the state and, more broadly, with coercive institutions, and their…

Books

  • Before the Afterlife: Developing the Essential Self

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  • Stoic Philosophy of Seneca: Essays and Letters

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  • Sánate: Conecta con tu esencia mediante la Psicología Holística / How to Do the Work (Spanish Edition)

    $20.95
  • The Cost of Comfort (American Philosophy)

    $20.00
  • Meditations (A Penguin Classics Hardcover)

    $13.79
  • The Ethics: Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata

    $8.24
  • Montaigne: Essays

    $17.00
  • The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation

    $12.19
  • Embrace Yoga’s Roots: Courageous Ways to Deepen Your Yoga Practice

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  • Shape: The Hidden Geometry of Information, Biology, Strategy, Democracy, and Everything Else

    $16.79
  • The Islamic World (Routledge Worlds)

    $68.95
  • The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (Philosophy of Mind)

    $20.55
  • The Metaphysics (Great Books in Philosophy)

    $12.19
  • A History of Western Philosophy (English)(Hardcover)

    $77.41
  • The Practicing Stoic: A Philosophical User’s Manual

    $20.99
  • The Vision of the Soul: Truth, Goodness, and Beauty in the Western Tradition

    $27.08

Terms & Concepts

I

Intuition

Knowledge unaided by reason or experience; in this sense, immediate knowledge. https://youtube.com/shorts/pVGjT4OZqso?feature=share
G

Grue Paradox

Nelson Goodman’s (1906-1998) argument that every inductive basis supports an infinite number of incompatible predictions: for instance, “all emeralds are green” versus “allemeralds are grue,” where grue means green now,…
E

Egalitarianism

The view that all people have equal rights and deserve equal respect. https://youtube.com/shorts/ffEM0cPeqtE?feature=share
C
Contraries
F
Feminist ethics
A
Appeal to pity (ad misericordiam)
I
Indirect proof
P
Predicate
Z
Zoroastrianism
D
Dialetheism
A
Act utilitarianism
M
Moral theory
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