Writing PhilosophyTHE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesEPISTEMOLOGY
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of PhilosophyPOLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
December 12, 2023

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Political philosophy is at least as old as Plato (428/227 or 424/423-348/347 BC) and is concerned with the nature of the state and, more broadly, with coercive institutions, and their…
Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesAESTHETICS
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
LogicRELEVANCE LOGICS
November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
LogicPREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
LogicNON-CLASSICAL LOGIC
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyPHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyUTILITARIANISM
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyCYNICISM
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGTHE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…
LogicINTUITIONISM
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
Writing PhilosophyESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…

Books

  • The Bright Ages: A New History of Medieval Europe

    $28.49
  • The Socratic Dialogues Middle Period, Volume 2: Phaedrus, Cratylus, Parmenides

    $13.99
  • Profiles in Courage

    $27.99
  • Michel de Montaigne – The Complete Essays (Penguin Classics)

    $25.11
  • The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1

    $15.73
  • Torah im Derech Eretz: The Educational Philosophy of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch

    $26.99
  • The Ego and Its Own

    $8.24
  • The Pocket Pema Chodron (Shambhala Pocket Classics)

    $8.95
  • The End of the World and Other Teachable Moments: Jacques Derrida’s Final Seminar (Perspectives in Continental Philosophy)

    $25.00
  • Leibowitz or God’s Absence

    $82.15
  • More Matrix and Philosophy: Revolutions and Reloaded Decoded (Popular Culture and Philosophy) (Popular Culture and Philosophy, 11)

    $17.95
  • The Four Chinese Classics: Tao Te Ching, Chuang Tzu, Analects, Mencius

    $24.95
  • Feu la cendre

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  • The Ramayana: A New Retelling of Valmiki’s Ancient Epic–Complete and Comprehensive (Tarcher Cornerstone Editions)

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  • Divine Humility: God’s Solution to Human Catastrophe

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  • The Analytic Tradition in Philosophy, Volume 1: The Founding Giants

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Philosophy of Law: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LAW

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Aesthetics: An IntroductionAESTHETICSAtomos

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Epistemology: An IntroductionAtomosEPISTEMOLOGY

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Ethics: An IntroductionAtomosETHICS

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Logic: An IntroductionAtomosLOGIC

Logic: An Introduction

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Metaphysics: An IntroductionAtomosMETAPHYSICS

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Philosophy of History: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

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Philosophy of Language: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

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Philosophy of Mind: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF MIND

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Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

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Terms & Concepts

V

Virtue theory

A theory of human value in which developing and living out various excellences is an essential component of a good life. https://youtube.com/shorts/xYR0CUEc7RM?feature=share
E

Epistemology

The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, limits, sources, and justifications of human knowledge. https://youtube.com/shorts/68M4peZrQOY?feature=share
G

General conditional proof

In symbolic logic, a valid inference in a system of quantifier rules. From the assumption that an individually named thing has a specific property, an inference is drawn that that…
S
Square of opposition
N
Natural right
T
Tautological consequence
A
Appearance
R
Rule utilitarianism
I
Indeterminacy of translation
C
Contradiction
A
Absolute time
L
Logical validity
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