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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

Essays of assertion, affirmation, and refutation are all examples of the argumentative paper. An effective argument relies on factually true premises or premises for which you have strong support.
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

METAPHYSICS

Metaphysics is the philosophical investigation of reality, including the nature of the world and the entities it contains. While such an investigation inevitably overlaps with natural philosophy—the sciences, especially physics…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.

Books

  • Las Meditaciones de Marco Aurelio: Filosofía Romana (Spanish Edition)

    $7.63
  • Walden

    $12.39
  • The Pocket Pema Chodron (Shambhala Pocket Classics)

    $8.95
  • Antigone’s Claim

    $28.00
  • The Beginner’s Guide to Stoicism: Tools for Emotional Resilience and Positivity

    $6.99
  • Feline Philosophy

    $13.99
  • How to Think Like a Roman Emperor

    $13.59
  • The History of Sexuality: An Introduction

    $11.99
  • Meditations: The Philosophy Classic (Capstone Classics)

    $11.99
  • Tentacles Longer Than Night: Horror of Philosophy (Vol 3) (Horror of Philosophy, 3)

    $18.95
  • The Power of Your Subconscious Mind: There Are No Limits to the Prosperity, Happiness, and Peace of Mind You Can Achieve Simply by Using the Power of the Subconscious Mind, Updated

    $16.00
  • The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy (Routledge Philosophy Companions)

    $62.95
  • The Romantic Manifesto: A Philosophy of Literature

    $49.41
  • Every Time I Find the Meaning of Life, They Change It: Wisdom of the Great Philosophers on How to Live

  • Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics

    $14.52
  • The Histories

    $37.99

Terms & Concepts

A

Ad hominem argument

Literally, “to the man,” an ad hominem is an attack on the person, rather than a critical engagement with their position. Versions of the ad hominem are 1) ad hominem…
C

Conjunction

The ordinary language name for the Boolean connective that corresponds to, for example, “and,” “both…and,” and “but.” On a truth table, the conjunction of sentences is true if, and only…
I

Inductive argument

An argument from experience; experiential inferences; contrasted with Deductive argument.Inductive arguments do not reflect the guaranteed truth of the conclusion claimed indeductive arguments. Instead, the conclusion is probably true. https://youtube.com/shorts/hU-NIFkS_bQ?feature=share
L
Leibniz’s Law
C
Cultural relativism
H
Historicism
H
Hedon
M
Method of doubt (Methodological doubt)
N
Natural right
S
Strawman
T
Tautological equivalence
C
Conversion by limitation
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