Philosophy Student
By In NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

Read Article
Philosophy Student
By In CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY

EXISTENTIALISM

Read Article
Philosophy Student
By In NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

Read Article
Philosophy Student
By In History Of Philosophy

ARISTOTLE

Read Article
Philosophy Student
By In Philosophy Branches

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical…
Read More
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
Philosophy Student
Love1
Writing PhilosophyGOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 23, 2023

GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

BASICS OF GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING: A DEEPER DIVE Having surveyed the elements of good writing from 30,000 feet, let’s swoop in on some of the most important specifics. This means…
Philosophy Student
Love0
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyFORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…
Philosophy Student
Love0
POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyHEGELIANISM
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
Philosophy Student
Love0
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyTHOMISM
November 15, 2023

THOMISM

A school of thought based on the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Thomism is, like Scholasticism, principally concerned with metaphysics and understanding the attributes of God.
Philosophy Student
Love1
LogicRELEVANCE LOGICS
November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Writing PhilosophyHOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
Philosophy Student
Love0
History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
Philosophy Student
Love0
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
Philosophy Student
Love1
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyINDIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa,…
Philosophy Student
Love0
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyLOGICAL ATOMISM
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
Philosophy Student
Love1
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySCHOLASTICISM
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
Philosophy Student
Love0
LogicNON-CLASSICAL LOGIC
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
Philosophy Student
Love0
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyCYNICISM
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Philosophy Student
By In THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this…
Read More

Logic

Books

  • Buy product

    A Degree in a Book: Philosophy: Everything You Need to Know to Master the Subject – in One Book! (A Degree in a Book, 2)

    $24.99
  • Buy product

    Maharishi & Me: Seeking Enlightenment with the Beatles’ Guru

    $16.31
  • Buy product

    Finitude’s Wounded Praise: Responses to Jean-Louis Chretien (Veritas)

    $34.00
  • Buy product

    The Anti-Christ

    $10.20
  • Buy product

    Caliphate and Imamate (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought)

    $34.99
  • Buy product

    Golden: The Power of Silence in a World of Noise

    $15.99
  • Buy product

    Trauma Informed CBT: Your Guide to Free from Trauma Informed CBT|Deal with Stress, Anxiety & Face The World |Appreciate Yourself Today

    $7.99
  • Buy product

    How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking

    $11.49
  • Buy product

    Expired Mindsets: Releasing Patterns That No Longer Serve You Well

    $14.64
  • Buy product

    Avicenna’s Al-Shifa’: Oriental Philosophy (Routledge Studies in Islamic Philosophy)

    $59.95
  • Buy product

    The Wisdom of No Escape and the Path of Loving-Kindness

    $35.74
  • Buy product

    The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers

    $12.91
  • Buy product

    Stoic Classics Collection: Marcus Aurelius’s Meditations, Epictetus’s Enchiridion, Seneca’s On a Happy Life, On the Shortness of Life & On Providence

    $17.99
  • Buy product

    Critique of Pure Reason

    $18.00
  • Buy product

    The Magick of Aleister Crowley: A Handbook of the Rituals of Thelema

    $34.62
  • Buy product

    UNDERSTANDING RENÉ DESCARTES: The Smart Student’s Guide to Meditations on First Philosophy (Philosophy Study Guides)

    $8.70

The Atomos Blog

A Critical and Systematic Analysis of Andrew Rubner’s 2024 Rutgers Dissertation

A Critical and Systematic Analysis of Andrew Rubner’s 2024 Rutgers Dissertation

Philosophy StudentPhilosophy Student
Read More
A Critical and Systematic Analysis of Andrew Rubner’s 2024 Rutgers DissertationMental RepresentationPhilosophy of Biology

A Critical and Systematic Analysis of Andrew Rubner’s 2024 Rutgers Dissertation

Philosophy StudentPhilosophy StudentMarch 7, 2026
Philosophy of Law: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LAW

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Philosophy of Science: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Aesthetics: An IntroductionAESTHETICSAtomos

Aesthetics: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Epistemology: An IntroductionAtomosEPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Ethics: An IntroductionAtomosETHICS

Ethics: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Logic: An IntroductionAtomosLOGIC

Logic: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Metaphysics: An IntroductionAtomosMETAPHYSICS

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Philosophy of History: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

Philosophy of History: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Philosophy of Language: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

Philosophy of Language: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Philosophy of Mind: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF MIND

Philosophy of Mind: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Philosophy of Technology: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY

Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Political and Social Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosPOLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

Political and Social Philosophy: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

Environmental Philosophy: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Existentialism and Phenomenology: An IntroductionAtomosEXISTENTIALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY

Existentialism and Phenomenology: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
Philosophy of Language: An Introduction

Philosophy of Language: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos Editor
Read More

Terms & Concepts

L

Law of the Excluded Middle

The logical principle that a statement or its negation must be true: P V ¬ P. https://youtube.com/shorts/5UP2hrqeq40?feature=share
L

Law of nature

A conditional statement expressing a general regularity (for example, all Fs are Gs) that is considered necessarily true—although philosophers disagree as to whether this is because it captures a metaphysically…
B

Being

Plato’s realm of reality, contrasted with the realms of appearance and becoming, is being, the realm of eternal and immutable Forms. More generally, the term “being” is used by philosophers…
I
Immaterialism
I
Instrumental goods
D
Deontology
M
Monadic predicate
N
Negation introduction
A
Ad hominem argument
I
Inference to the best explanation
H
Hume’s fork
T
Truth-functional connective
View All