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A Must Have Book For Every Philosophy Student
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD

Our digital age suggests a useful analogy to further explain the role of philosophy in intellectual life. Philosophy is analogous to an operating system (OS), a software platform that enables…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Political philosophy is at least as old as Plato (428/227 or 424/423-348/347 BC) and is concerned with the nature of the state and, more broadly, with coercive institutions, and their…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
Logic
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

The eight skills just listed are so central to philosophical writing that we may count them among the criteria most instructors use in grading essay assignments. Keep these eight skills…

Books

  • The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Book of Natural Liberation Through Understanding in the Between

    $14.29
  • Sanskrit Debate: Vasubandhu’s “Vīmśatikā versus Kumārila’s “Nirālambanavāda (South Asian Literature, Arts, and Culture Studies)

    $69.52
  • Raja Yoga (Spanish Edition)

    $17.27
  • Aquinas: Basic Works (The Hackett Aquinas)

    $35.00
  • I Am The Love Of My Life: Unbroken

    $16.00
  • The Labyrinth: An Existential Odyssey with Jean-Paul Sartre

    $16.99
  • God-ordained Marriage: How to Pray and Prepare for your God-ordained Love Story

    $19.99
  • Philosophy For Dummies

    $20.49
  • Human, All Too Human I: Volume 3 (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche)

    $130.00
  • Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo

    $9.99
  • Leibowitz or God’s Absence

    $82.15
  • Sick Souls, Healthy Minds: How William James Can Save Your Life

    $12.49
  • Science of Being

    $22.00
  • The Magick of Aleister Crowley: A Handbook of the Rituals of Thelema

    $34.62
  • The Prince (Hardcover Library Edition)

    $9.99
  • The Art of Thinking Critically: Ask Great Questions, Spot Illogical Reasoning, and Make Sharp Arguments (The critical thinker)

    $14.99

Terms & Concepts

F

Free variable (unbound variable)

A free variable is an instance of a variable that is not bound by some condition—for instance,x is a free variable, whereas in “for some x,” it is a bound…
M

Matter of fact

David Hume’s term for an empirical claim, which is the result of empirical observation and experience. Also: reasoning experientially, versus via relations of ideas. https://youtube.com/shorts/vG3vbfBRBkM?feature=share
F

Feminist ethics

The moral theories that explain and reject patriarchy https://youtube.com/shorts/CG_A7q87Pzs?feature=share
Q
Qualia
N
Negation
M
Metaphysics
F
First-order logic
P
Principle of equal liberty
D
Double effect, doctrine of
A
Agnosticism
M
Monadic predicate
D
Distributive justice
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