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Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING PHILOSOPHY

How Do You Do Philosophy? Writing Is Central To Philosophy What Philosophy Professors Want From Student Writers What Is Good Writing? What Is Good Philosophical Writing? Grading Criteria for Philosophy…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…
Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…

Books

  • Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Values

    $13.80
  • The Little Book of Philosophy: An Introduction to the Key Thinkers and Theories You Need to Know

    $13.95
  • El Arte de la Guerra (Spanish Edition)

    $10.75
  • The Fallacy Detective: Thirty-Eight Lessons on How to Recognize Bad Reasoning

    $30.00
  • The Prophet (A Penguin Classics Hardcover)

    $15.49
  • The Socratic Dialogues: Late Period, Volume 1: Timaeus, Critias, Sophist, Statesman, Philebus

    $16.99
  • Confessions (Hackett Classics)

    $38.00
  • Shape: The Hidden Geometry of Information, Biology, Strategy, Democracy, and Everything Else

    $18.46
  • The Oxford Companion to Philosophy New Edition

    $37.88
  • Utilitarianism: and the 1868 Speech on Capital Punishment (Hackett Classics)

    $48.45
  • On Dialogue (Routledge Classics)

    $23.16
  • How to Think Like a Roman Emperor

    $13.59
  • Mastering Logical Fallacies: The Definitive Guide to Flawless Rhetoric and Bulletproof Logic

    $10.99
  • Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching: A Book about the Way and the Power of the Way

    $5.99
  • Mind Ecologies: Body, Brain, and World

    $35.00
  • A Search for Clarity: Science and Philosophy in Lacan’s Oeuvre (Diaeresis)

    $34.95

Terms & Concepts

A

Altruism

The belief in, or practice of, selfless concern for others’ well-being; typically contrasted with selfishness. https://youtube.com/shorts/dABDqZjPwaA?feature=share
E

Empirical idealism

The view, most prominently represented by George Berkeley (1685-1753), that only ideas and minds exist; there are no material objects. https://youtube.com/shorts/Sr6Wg06YhwI?feature=share
C

Conditional introduction (Conditional proof)

In symbolic logic, a valid inference in a system of truth-functional rules. Conditional introduction is the method of proof whereby a conditional claim is proved by deriving a statement Q…
C
Conversion by limitation
H
Historicism
A
Analects
M
Monad
I
Inductive argument
D
Data
M
Material cause
S
Samsara
E
Essence (or an essential property)
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