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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

THOMISM

A school of thought based on the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Thomism is, like Scholasticism, principally concerned with metaphysics and understanding the attributes of God.
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and

Books

  • Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching: A Book about the Way and the Power of the Way

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  • What We Owe to Each Other

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  • The Wisdom of Insecurity: A Message for an Age of Anxiety

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  • The Conquest of Happiness

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  • The Philosophy of Aristotle (Signet Classics)

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  • The Art of Rhetoric (Arcturus Classics, 144)

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  • Hardship and Happiness (The Complete Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca)

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  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: 7 Ways to Freedom from Anxiety, Depression, and Intrusive Thoughts

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  • The Analytic Tradition in Philosophy, Volume 2: A New Vision

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  • 100 Great Philosophers who Changed the World

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  • Utilitarianism

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  • Nature and Other Essays (Dover Thrift Editions: Philosophy)

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  • Dark New World Order. Part 2: The Puppet Masters and their Motives

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  • One Unbounded Ocean of Consciousness: Simple Answers to the Big Questions in Life

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  • The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities (Henry L. Stimson Lectures)

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  • Los engarces de las sabidurías (Spanish Edition)

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Terms & Concepts

T

Teleology

From the Greek telos, meaning “purpose,” the view that everything has an end, goal,function, or purpose. The explanation of phenomena in terms of their overall purpose—for example, animals have certain…
T

Truth value

The truth or falsity of an atomic, simple, or compound statement. https://youtube.com/shorts/jk9CLlJxtnM?feature=share
U

Universal elimination

In symbolic logic, a valid inference in a system of quantifier rules. In a proof sequence, a universal quantifier is removed, and the variables bound by it are replaced with…
I
Inconsistent
P
Parallelism
M
Modus ponens“
D
Disjunct
W
Will to power
O
Ockham’s (Occam’s) Razor
A
Alienation
C
Constitute
C
Conscience
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