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Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…
Logic
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The analytic tradition arose partly as a rejection of Hegelian idealism in favor of what George Edward Moore (1873–1958) called a “common sense” view of the world, alongside developments in…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…

Books

  • The Bed of Procrustes: Philosophical and Practical Aphorisms (Incerto)

    $15.87
  • The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism (Wisconsin Project on American Writers)

    $21.95
  • Existentialism Is a Humanism

    $9.95
  • The Phenomenological Mind

    $35.30
  • Logic: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

    $11.95
  • Walden: or, Life in the Woods

    $3.95
  • 3 IN 1: The Magic of Manifesting Collection: 45 Advanced Manifestation Techniques to Shift to Your Dream Reality and Attract Money, Love, and Abundance (Law of Attraction Bundles)

    $29.99
  • Being Aware of Being Aware (The Essence of Meditation Series)

    $15.22
  • A Manual for Creating Atheists

    $12.56
  • General Problem Theory: A Framework For Problem Solving In The Unknown (Pinnacle Quest)

    $9.95
  • Decoding Jung’s Metaphysics: The Archetypal Semantics of an Experiential Universe

    $19.95
  • Truth as Conceived by Those Who Are Not Professional Philosophers

    $17.51
  • Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching: A Book about the Way and the Power of the Way

    $12.69
  • Understand Postmodernism (Teach Yourself)

    $20.36
  • The Consolation of Philosophy (Mint Editions (Philosophical and Theological Work))

    $12.69
  • The Blind Spot: Why Science Cannot Ignore Human Experience

    $29.95

Terms & Concepts

A

Alienation

A psychological or social ill, in which a self and other, which properly belong together, are separated. Alienation is a concept central to Marxism and denotes the result of separating…
S

Sublime

Aesthetic experience associated with being overwhelmed—for example, in terms of size (the mathematically sublime) or in terms of power (the dynamically sublime). For Immanuel Kant(1724-1804), this involved the sensation that…
C

Constitute

First used in a technical way by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and later by Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), to synthesize experience through a priori categories. https://youtube.com/shorts/k0sOmOeJ9LE?feature=share
D
Disjunction elimination
U
Universal introduction
S
Subcontraries
B
Biconditional introduction
P
Presupposition
M
Modus ponens“
F
Free variable (unbound variable)
B
Bhagavadgītā (“Gītā”)
R
Reflexive property
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