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Philosophy Student
By In CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily…
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THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
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ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
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Writing Philosophy
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
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Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

HERMENEUTICS

Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the modern context, this refers to both verbal and non-verbal “texts”…
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the earliest philosophical literature. Much of it is devoted to what…
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa,…
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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…
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History Of PhilosophyANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…
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By In History Of Philosophy

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal…
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Logic

Books

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    Feu la cendre

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    Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

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    Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius

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    The Personalism of Edith Stein: A Synthesis of Thomism and Phenomenology (Studies in the Carmelite Tradition)

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    Being and Nothingness

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    The Problem of Genesis in Husserl’s Philosophy

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    Tao Te Ching

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    The Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution

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    Stoicism and the Art of Happiness: Practical Wisdom for Everyday Life (Teach Yourself)

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    Living from the Soul: The 7 Spiritual Principles of Ralph Waldo Emerson

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    Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching: A Book about the Way and the Power of the Way

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    Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Values

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    Guía rápida de Las 48 leyes del poder (Spanish Edition)

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    The Complete Philosophy Primer: An Undergraduate Study Companion

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    Samkhya: An Ancient Science of Nature and the Human Soul (Existence – Consciousness – Bliss)

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    Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life

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Terms & Concepts

N

Necessary condition

A condition without which another statement does not obtain. Q is a necessary condition for Pin the claim, “If P then Q.” If Q does not obtain, P does not…
F

Functionalism

The view that mental states can be explained in terms of activities and functions. https://youtube.com/shorts/LEVgeszGnxQ?feature=share
I

Internal meaning

That meaning or purpose originating in, or given to, oneself. https://youtube.com/shorts/7vT0OsU-IiY?feature=share
A
Antecedent conditions
Z
Zoroastrianism
H
Hasty generalization
M
Metaethics
M
Monadic predicate
A
Absolute space
D
Domain of discourse
P
Pragmatism
C
Conjunction introduction
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