Skip to main content
search
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the earliest philosophical literature. Much of it is devoted to what…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy on the Indian subcontinent between 1000 BC and the early centuries of the first millennium was comprised of six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa,…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE EXPOSITORY PAPER

We have already touched on the expository paper, but let’s discuss it briefly here. Look at the adjective expository. It is derived from the noun exposition, which is the noun…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF REFUTATION

The essay of refutation takes the position “I disagree.” Its objective is to persuade the reader that the argument of another is false, flawed, unlikely, implausible, or in some other…
Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
Writing Philosophy
November 21, 2023

ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILLS

Having just walked through the basic process of writing a philosophy paper, we turn now to the essential skillset you should develop and apply not only to the writing of…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…

Books

  • Nicomachean Ethics

    $9.50
  • THE STOIC PATH: Finding Meaning, Virtue, and Serenity in Everyday Life (The Life Mastery Series: Insights for Success, Growth, and Inner Peace)

    $18.99
  • Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life

    $17.95
  • The Prophet (A Penguin Classics Hardcover)

    $15.49
  • The Man in the High Castle and Philosophy: Subversive Reports from Another Reality (Popular Culture and Philosophy, 111)

    $17.99
  • Being and Time (Harper Perennial Modern Thought)

    $16.29
  • The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools (Thinker’s Guide Library)

    $13.00
  • The virtue of selfishness

    $499.95
  • La agonía del Eros: Prólogo de Alain Badiou

    $24.00
  • I Ching, the Oracle: A Practical Guide to the Book of Changes: An updated translation annotated with cultural & historical references, restoring the I Ching to its shamanic origins

    $30.99
  • We Are Not Alone: A Maimonidean Theology of the Other

    $32.95
  • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

    $5.95
  • No Self, No Problem: How Neuropsychology Is Catching Up to Buddhism (The No Self Wisdom Series)

    $15.95
  • Meditations

    $6.99
  • Speaking Being: Werner Erhard, Martin Heidegger, and a New Possibility of Being Human

    $31.30
  • Penguin Classics Fear and Trembling: Dialectical Lyric By Johannes De Silentio (Penguin Pocket Hardbacks)

    $23.27

Terms & Concepts

M

Mimesis

In aesthetics, the modeling or representation of an object by a work of art. The mimetic theory of art dominated aesthetics from Plato and Aristotle, but was eventually challenged by…
I

Individual constant

In first-order logic, symbols stand for individually named things (object, person, place, time,and so on). An individual constant is assumed to denote one, and only one, thing. https://youtube.com/shorts/wHqv7vweUI4?feature=share
L

Law of the Excluded Middle

The logical principle that a statement or its negation must be true: P V ¬ P. https://youtube.com/shorts/5UP2hrqeq40?feature=share
N
Nominalism
O
Obversion
I
Identity of indiscernibles
D
Deontology
U
Underdetermination
D
Dukkha
C
Counterfactual
F
Formal proof
C
Conjunction introduction
View All