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Logic
November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.

Books

  • Knowledge and Christian Belief

    $17.99
  • Free Will [Deckle Edge]

    $7.99
  • The Blame Game: How to Recover from the World’s Oldest Addiction

    $28.99
  • How to Practice Stoicism: Lead the Stoic way of Life to Master the Art of Living, Emotional Resilience & Perseverance – Make your everyday Modern life Calm, Confident & Positive (Mastering Stoicism)

    $28.86
  • That Not Impossible She: A critical study of gender and individualism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

    $9.99
  • Mahabharata [Paperback] [Jan 01, 2010] C.Rajagopalachari

    $8.98
  • How to Live: Or A Life of Montaigne in One Question and Twenty Attempts at an Answer

    $20.99
  • The Acting Person (Analecta Husserliana, 10)

    $251.70
  • Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction

    $11.95
  • The Will to Power

    $6.99
  • Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid

    $14.99
  • Leave It Be: Alan Watts on the Art of Meditation

    $33.99
  • Lives of the Stoics: The Art of Living from Zeno to Marcus Aurelius

    $18.15
  • What We Owe the Future

    $18.59
  • A New History of Western Philosophy

    $36.90
  • Designing the Mind: The Principles of Psychitecture

    $17.99

Terms & Concepts

F

Four Noble Truths

One of Buddha’s most significant teachings, namely the truth that there is suffering; the truththat suffering has a cause; the truth that suffering has an end; and the truth that…
A

Antecedent

In a conditional claim, the “if” clause is called the antecedent. More generally, that which is logically prior. https://youtube.com/shorts/mkvIdM-OEXg?feature=share
I

Indirect proof

A proof whereby a statement’s negation is proved by assuming the statement is true. Thatassumption leads to a contradiction, which proves the assumption is false. (See also Proof bycontradiction or…
R
Rational
C
Category mistake
O
Omnipotent
E
Empiricism
L
Law of contradiction
M
Metaphysics
S
Socialism
S
Sensation
M
Monad
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