Skip to main content
search
A Must Have Book For Every Philosophy Student
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy. Following Plato’s death, Aristotle traveled, became tutor to Alexander the…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

BIOETHICS

A branch of ethics concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science, and with advances in medical technology, bioethics has now become a largely autonomous area of…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD

Our digital age suggests a useful analogy to further explain the role of philosophy in intellectual life. Philosophy is analogous to an operating system (OS), a software platform that enables…
Logic
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…

Books

  • Living Like a Stoic: Cultivating Wisdom, Emotional Resilience, Positivity, Confidence, Calmness, and Meditations for Perseverance in Today’s Modern Life

    $9.99
  • Based Deleuze: The Reactionary Leftism of Gilles Deleuze

    $14.99
  • The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt

    $13.89
  • Our Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting

    $22.81
  • Obra completa del sufí Ibn Masarra de Córdoba: Estudio, edición crítica y traducción anotada de Pilar Garrido Clemente

    $39.34
  • The Foundations of Phenomenological Psychotherapy

    $129.99
  • On Liberty and Utilitarianism (Bantam Classics)

    $7.50
  • The Varieties of Religious Experience: Complete and Unabridged (Illustrated)

    $6.99
  • The Enchiridion: Adapted for the Contemporary Reader

    $19.99
  • Chinese Shamanic Cosmic Orbit Qigong: Esoteric Talismans, Mantras, and Mudras in Healing and Inner Cultivation

    $19.95
  • The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge

    $14.34
  • This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life

    $9.99
  • Profiles in Courage (Harper Perennial Modern Classics)

    $11.99
  • The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

    $10.36
  • The Second Mountain: The Quest for a Moral Life

    $15.99
  • The Prince (A Penguin Classics Hardcover)

    $16.49

Terms & Concepts

P

Principle of equal liberty

The principle that each person’s freedom is equal to every other person’s freedom. https://youtube.com/shorts/4z5ROzCdknE?feature=share
K

KK Thesis

Epistemological principle holding if one knows that p, then one knows that one knows that p.This is based on the internalist claim that knowledge requires an element of justification that…
O

O-proposition

A negative categorical claim that asserts at least one member of the subject class is excluded from the predicate class. (See also Categorical proposition.) https://youtube.com/shorts/7nM3hq5pwGU?feature=share
C
Category mistake
D
Duhem-Quine Thesis
L
Logical equivalence (logically equivalent statements)
D
Dialectic
I
Identity theory
S
Secondary quality
D
Difference principle
V
Valid argument
D
Determinism
View All