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Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Political philosophy is at least as old as Plato (428/227 or 424/423-348/347 BC) and is concerned with the nature of the state and, more broadly, with coercive institutions, and their…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SCHOLASTICISM

A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
Logic
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…

Books

  • Journal Like a Stoic: A 90-Day Stoicism Program to Live with Greater Acceptance, Less Judgment, and Deeper Intentionality (Includes Teachings of Marcus Aurelius)

    $14.99
  • In Praise of Failure: Four Lessons in Humility

    $27.85
  • The Book of Joy: Lasting Happiness in a Changing World

    $13.08
  • On Liberty

    $8.99
  • The Beginner’s Guide to Stoicism: Tools for Emotional Resilience and Positivity

    $12.99
  • Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education

    $12.99
  • The Mastery of Love: A Practical Guide to the Art of Relationship: A Toltec Wisdom Book

    $9.80
  • The Bright Ages: A New History of Medieval Europe

    $28.49
  • The User Illusion: Cutting Consciousness Down to Size

    $15.99
  • Why I Am Not a Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects

    $11.99
  • Anatomy of the Spirit – The Seven Stages of Power and Healing by Caroline Ph.D. Myss (1996-12-24)

    $50.10
  • The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism

    $15.99
  • Walden (Translated): A 21st Century, Modernized Translation

    $14.89
  • How to be a conservative

    $22.00
  • Context Changes Everything: How Constraints Create Coherence

    $44.50
  • In the Dust of This Planet: Horror of Philosophy

    $11.99

Terms & Concepts

A

Absolute time

The view that time exists independently of (that is, not relative to) objects and events said to be in them. (See also Absolute space.) https://youtube.com/shorts/wmVNX-8Cnds?feature=share
L

Logic

The systematic study of correct reasoning, including the valid rules of inference. https://youtube.com/shorts/0k2pgzR_upE?feature=share
Q

Qualities

Properties or characteristics of objects, usually divided into three types: primary qualities arephysical properties of objects (such as shape or mass); secondary qualities are dispositions toproduce sensory experiences (for example,…
L
Law of contradiction
I
Immortality
U
Unalienable rights
A
Attribute
E
Epiphenomenalism
B
Biconditional introduction
G
Ghost in the Machine
E
Explanation
I
Innate idea
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