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A Must Have Book For Every Philosophy Student
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STRUCTURALISM

Structuralism refers to research undertaken in the social sciences, predominantly in France, between the 1950s and 1970s, which sought to understand various social phenomena as a “closed system” of elements.
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL

A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily concerned with integrating philosophical analysis with then-recent results in the…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)

Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.

Books

  • The Dhammapada (Easwaran’s Classics of Indian Spirituality Book 3)

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  • Shop Class as Soulcraft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work

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  • Samkhya: An Ancient Science of Nature and the Human Soul (Existence – Consciousness – Bliss)

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  • Ikigai: The Japanese Secret To A Long And Happy Life by Francesc Miralles

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  • System of Transcendental Idealism (1800)

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  • New Iranian Plays (World Drama)

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  • No Self, No Problem: How Neuropsychology Is Catching Up to Buddhism (The No Self Wisdom Series)

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  • Start Where You Are: A Guide to Compassionate Living

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  • The Oxford Companion to Philosophy New Edition

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  • Night Vision: Seeing Ourselves through Dark Moods

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  • Think Better Analytically: Ways to Build Up Everyday Analytical Thinking

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  • Pragmatism

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  • Gratitude

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  • Song of Circe & On the Composition of Images: Two Books of the Art of Memory (Collected Works of Giordano Bruno)

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  • The Persuaders: At the Front Lines of the Fight for Hearts, Minds, and Democracy

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  • Tantra Illuminated: The Philosophy, History, and Practice of a Timeless Tradition

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Terms & Concepts

U

Uncogent argument

An evaluation term in inductive logic for an argument that is either weak or is strong but has at least one false premise. (See also Inductive argument, Strong argument, and…
L

Libertarianism

1) The view that human freedom is a good, such that political institutions should be severely limited, so that they do not interfere with an individual’s pursuit of their own…
I

Informal fallacy

An error in reasoning that is not the result of a formal, or structural, flaw. There are myriad informal fallacies, many of which involve distraction techniques and exploiting psychological vulnerabilities.…
S
Strong argument
G
General conditional proof
T
Theism
A
Analytic-synthetic distinction
R
Relational predicate
P
Proof by contradiction
C
Cogent argument
I
Idealism
E
Epistemology
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