Skip to main content
search
Philosophy Student
By In ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both…
Read More
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…
Philosophy Student
Love0
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy. Following Plato’s death, Aristotle traveled, became tutor to Alexander the…
Philosophy Student
Love0
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODWHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Logic
November 15, 2023

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

In the classical logics already discussed, the logical connectives are taken to be bivalent—that is, they allow of only two different truth values: true and false. One natural extension to…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
Philosophy Student
Love0
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
Philosophy Student
Love0
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
Philosophy Student
Love0
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
Philosophy Student
Love0
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
Philosophy Student
Love0
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
Philosophy Student
Love1
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF REFUTATION

The essay of refutation takes the position “I disagree.” Its objective is to persuade the reader that the argument of another is false, flawed, unlikely, implausible, or in some other…
Philosophy Student
Love0
Philosophy Student
By In History Of Philosophy

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing…
Read More

Logic

Books

  • Buy product

    Kant’s Philosophical Revolution: A Short Guide to the Critique of Pure Reason

    $21.51
  • Buy product

    The Art of Happiness (Penguin Classics)

    $11.19
  • Buy product

    Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking

    $20.99
  • Buy product

    Proslogion, with the Replies of Gaunilo and Anselm

    $8.50
  • Buy product

    The Art of War

    $4.60
  • Buy product

    Caliphate and Imamate (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought)

    $34.99
  • Buy product

    Leviathan

    $14.99
  • Buy product

    Meditations by Marcus Aurelius: the New Translation

    $24.99
  • Buy product

    Critique of Pure Reason (Penguin Classics)

    $17.99
  • Buy product

    The Phenomenon of Life: A Plain Man’s Perspectives

    $9.99
  • Buy product

    Fear and Trembling

    $15.96
  • Buy product

    The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools (Thinker’s Guide Library)

    $13.00
  • Buy product

    The Will to Power

    $6.99
  • Buy product

    Inward (The Inward Trilogy)

    $10.80
  • Buy product

    Selective Breeding and the Birth of Philosophy

    $29.69
  • Buy product

    Inner Engineering: A Yogi’s Guide to Joy

    $16.99

Terms & Concepts

U

Universal elimination

In symbolic logic, a valid inference in a system of quantifier rules. In a proof sequence, a universal quantifier is removed, and the variables bound by it are replaced with…
I

Instrumental goods

Things that are considered valuable because they lead to other good things. https://youtube.com/shorts/ZV7MuOuTrjg?feature=share
F

False dichotomy

The informal fallacy in which two options are presented as exclusive and exhaustive when, infact, they are not and others exist. https://youtube.com/shorts/InUJT6ghWVs?feature=share
F
First-order validity
T
Tautology
L
Logic
N
Naturalistic fallacy
R
Realism
Q
Qualia
P
Physicalism
M
Modus tollens
Q
Quality
View All

Copyright © 2024 Philisophy Student.
All rights reserved.

Aristotle Publishing  |  Contact  |  Sitemap | Privacy Policy | About Us