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A Must Have Book For Every Philosophy Student
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…
Logic
November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
Logic
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
Logic
November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

The eight skills just listed are so central to philosophical writing that we may count them among the criteria most instructors use in grading essay assignments. Keep these eight skills…
Logic
November 15, 2023

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

In the classical logics already discussed, the logical connectives are taken to be bivalent—that is, they allow of only two different truth values: true and false. One natural extension to…

Books

  • Supporting Modern Teaching in Islamic Schools: Pedagogical Best Practice for Teachers

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  • The Classical Utilitarians (Hackett Classics)

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  • Leviathan (Penguin Classics)

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  • Radical Compassion: Learning to Love Yourself and Your World with the Practice of RAIN

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  • I’ll Burn That Bridge When I Get to It! Heretical Thoughts on Identity Politics, Cancel Culture, and Academic Freedom

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  • Dawn: Thoughts on the Presumptions of Morality, Volume 5 (The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche) (V. 5)

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  • The Gang of Three: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (Ancient Wisdom)

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  • Filosofía ante el desánimo: Pensamiento crítico para construir una personalidad sólida (Imago Mundi)

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  • How to Fight (Mindfulness Essentials)

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  • Thus Spoke Zarathustra

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  • The Birth of Tragedy

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  • Loose: On Letting Stuff Go

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  • Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World

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  • The Buddhist and the Ethicist: Conversations on Effective Altruism, Engaged Buddhism, and How to Build a Better World

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  • A Brief History of Everything (20th Anniversary Edition)

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  • The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion

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Terms & Concepts

P

Phenomenology

1) The philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness, and an important philosophical movement based on Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) but originating with Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). It dominated much…
C

Compatibilism

The view that free will (in some sense) and determinism are compatible https://youtube.com/shorts/aKgNq8htPXk?feature=share
H

Hasty generalization

An informal fallacy constituted by inferring a generalization from too few instances. https://youtube.com/shorts/8sHmNgwl0eQ?feature=share
L
Logic
Q
Quantity
P
Pluralism
E
Existential quantifier
T
Tarski’s T-Schema
D
Duhem-Quine Thesis
S
Subjective truth (subjectivity)
T
Thin concept
G
Generalization
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