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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS

There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
History Of PhilosophyMEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

The Medieval Period is usually dated between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476)and the beginning of the Renaissance (c. 1300). In terms of philosophy, the period begins inthe…
Writing Philosophy
November 22, 2023

THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS

Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element of intimidation. Whether you are writing an expository—explanatory and descriptive—essay…
History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
Logic
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

CYNICISM

Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.
History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…
Logic
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

As with developing any skill, learning to write philosophically takes practice. Here are some links to academic sites, along with several style guides, to aid you.
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and

Books

  • Every Time I Find the Meaning of Life, They Change It: Wisdom of the Great Philosophers on How to Live

  • Life Is Real Only Then, When “I Am” (All and Everything)

    $20.00
  • The Critique of Pure Reason

    $7.95
  • Pablo Escobar: Beyond Narcos (War on Drugs)

    $11.19
  • Osho Zen Tarot: The Transcendental Game Of Zen (79-Card Deck and 192-Page Book)

    $23.39
  • Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason

    $96.52
  • Mental Jogging: 365 Games to Enjoy, to Stimulate the Imagination, to Increase Ability to Solve Problems and Puzzles

    $58.21
  • The Magick of Aleister Crowley: A Handbook of the Rituals of Thelema (Weiser Classics Series)

    $19.19
  • Meditations: 150th Anniversary Collection Edition (Marcus Aurelius Classics)

    $6.97
  • At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being, and Apricot Cocktails with Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Others

    $28.59
  • Miracle Minded Medium: The Purpose and Power of Talking to Dead People

    $19.95
  • On Liberty

    $18.99
  • Change Your Thoughts, Change Your Life

    $25.70
  • The Republic (Penguin Classics)

    $9.60
  • La disciplina marcará tu destino / Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Cont rol (LAS CUATRO VIRTUDES ESTOICAS) (Spanish Edition)

    $21.95
  • For F*ck’s Sake: Why Swearing is Shocking, Rude, and Fun

    $21.95

Terms & Concepts

E

Ethical relativism

The view that moral rightness and wrongness are relative to 1) the individual, 2) a givenculture, or 3) a historical period. https://youtube.com/shorts/BSGszt2VTaM?feature=share
C

Communism

The political theory derived from Marx’s argument in favor of a class war that would result in publicly owned property and “each works and is supported according to his abilities…
M

Major premise

In a standard-form categorical syllogism, the premise that contains the major term. It is the premise that appears first. (See also Categorical syllogism and Standard form.) https://youtube.com/shorts/NungjsSU_sI?feature=share
A
Assumptive proof
V
Verificationism
F
Formal logic
M
Moral reasoning
F
Feminist ethics
S
Standard form
C
Conditional introduction (Conditional proof)
M
Minor premise
P
Psychologism egoism
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