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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, including its nature and its extent, and of justification (that is, whether a belief is formed in a valid way to justify its being…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many of the topics within the philosophy of science overlap with topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and the philosophy of language insofar as they apply within our scientific practice. Metaphysical issues,…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything was made of water” and thus that the universe, all…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…

Books

  • The Adventure of French Philosophy

    $24.95
  • Theater Of Envy: William Shakespeare

    $26.00
  • Psyche: Inventions of the Other, Volume I (Meridian: Crossing Aesthetics) (Volume 1)

    $22.52
  • The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius: or Manresa (Tan Classics)

    $14.29
  • The Communist Manifesto (A Penguin Classics Hardcover)

    $22.00
  • Philosophy: 100 Essential Thinkers

    $28.65
  • Leviathan

    $14.99
  • The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools (Thinker’s Guide Library)

    $13.00
  • Mystics of the Renaissance: Their Relation to Modern Thought

    $6.15
  • The Black Swan

    $151.37
  • Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist (Princeton Classics, 3)

    $21.14
  • Sufis of Andalucia

    $44.95
  • When God Winks: How the Power of Coincidence Guides Your Life (The Godwink Series)

    $13.54
  • Second Coming of Christ: Living with Anticipation and Joy

    $4.99
  • The Second Mountain: The Quest for a Moral Life

    $10.40
  • Thinking from A to Z

    $28.95

Terms & Concepts

F

Fideism

The view that faith is independent of, or even opposed to, reason. https://youtube.com/shorts/aH6w5Ay8tH0?feature=share
V

Verificationism

The claim that the meaning of a statement consists in its method of verification rather than its truth conditions. For the Logical Positivists, this entailed the semantic reduction of, for…
D

Demonstration of non-consequence

An argument that shares the same form as the original but consists of true premises and a false conclusion. A counterexample shows an argument is invalid, since there is at…
U
Universalizability
S
Slave morality
N
Necessary condition
S
Skepticism
M
Mimesis
S
Slippery slope argument
S
Sense-reference distinction
I
Inductive argument
A
Analytic-synthetic distinction
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