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Philosophy Student
By In ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that…
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History Of PhilosophyPOST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.
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History Of PhilosophyTHE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
November 15, 2023

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
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History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

PYTHAGOREANISM

Based on the teachings of Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) and the school he established inCroton in southern Italy, we may conclude that, in many ways, Pythagoreanism was more ofa mystery…
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History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the earliest philosophical literature. Much of it is devoted to what…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE PERSONAL ESSAY

The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF ASSERTION

The essay of assertion takes the position I believe. It is an argumentative essay in which you convey to the reader some belief or beliefs that you hold. If you…
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STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICESWriting Philosophy
November 18, 2023

STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICES FOR PHILOSOPHY CLASS

Writing philosophy should not be easy, but you cannot allow it to become impossible. Here are five strategic rules of thumb for embarking on a successful writing project for philosophy…
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History Of PhilosophyNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF REFUTATION

The essay of refutation takes the position “I disagree.” Its objective is to persuade the reader that the argument of another is false, flawed, unlikely, implausible, or in some other…
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING?

Writing effectively for a philosophy course does not merely start with the general principles of good writing just outlined, it sets out to show mastery of these principles. It embodies…
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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
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Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
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Logic
November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…
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By In History Of Philosophy

THE PRE-SOCRATICS

The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything…
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Logic

Books

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    Fear and Trembling (Penguin Classics)

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    Letters from a Stoic (Collins Classics)

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    Lost in Math: How Beauty Leads Physics Astray

    $16.69
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    The Allegory of the Cave

    $4.95
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    In the Dust of This Planet: Horror of Philosophy

    $11.99
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    Refuge Recovery: A Buddhist Path to Recovering from Addiction

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    Orthodoxy by G. K. Chesterton

    $13.98
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    A Brief History of Everything (20th Anniversary Edition)

    $12.99
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    Timaeus and Critias (Penguin Classics)

    $10.66
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    Meditations

    $6.99
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    The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali

    $14.81
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    Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: Encyclopaedia, Genealogy, and Tradition

    $29.00
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    Planned Collapse Of Americanism: Trump’s Biggest Challenge -Surviving the Coming Amerigeddon

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    Pensées (Penguin Classics)

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    La utilidad de lo inútil (Acantilado Bolsillo, 36) (Spanish Edition)

    $11.95
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    The Upanishads: Breath of the Eternal

    $12.95

Terms & Concepts

Q

Quantity

A categorical claim’s status as universal or particular. (See also Categorical proposition.) https://youtube.com/shorts/yplWkxbcRsw?feature=share
D

Deductive argument

An argument that attempts to show the conclusion must be true if the premises are true. (See also Indictive argument.) https://youtube.com/shorts/PnM5BeMHZQA?feature=share
T

Thick concept

A concept with both substantially descriptive and evaluative content (as opposed to a thin concept). Paradigmatic examples are found in virtue ethics, and aesthetics. Some philosophers maintain that thick concepts…
D
Doubt
L
Logical consequence
I
Informal proof
A
Assumptive proof
A
Analytic truth
E
Epistemic closure
W
Well-Formed Formula (wff)
K
KK Thesis
P
Positive right
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