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Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.

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Logic

November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Kant’s philosophy continued to dominate throughout the nineteenth century, although there were increasing concerns about the overall coherence of his system; in particular, there was doubt as to whether the…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

Some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle introduced the syllogism into the intellectual world. A threeelement formula, it is the elementary building block of syllogistic logic and deductive reasoning. The syllogism combines…

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Writing Philosophy

November 23, 2023

GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

BASICS OF GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING: A DEEPER DIVE Having surveyed the elements of good writing from 30,000 feet, let’s swoop in on some of the most important specifics. This means…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 15, 2023

EMPIRICISM

Empiricism covers a range of views prioritizing experience as the primary source of knowledge. During the Early Modern Period, this view was expounded by the so-called British Empiricists—Locke, Berkeley, and…

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 12, 2023

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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Logic

November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…

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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.

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History Of Philosophy ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

QUANTUM LOGIC

Most non-classical logics are motivated by either philosophical considerations, such as the metaphysical status of the future, or technical concerns about the neutrality of the logical connectives or the notion…

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…

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By Philosophy Student In NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692),…

Logic

QUANTUM LOGIC

Logic

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

Logic

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Logic

INTUITIONISM

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Be Still & Soar: Finding Strength and Solace in Any Storm
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The Rigor of Angels: Borges, Heisenberg, Kant, and the Ultimate Nature of Reality
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The Half Known Life: In Search of Paradise
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Guía rápida de Las 48 leyes del poder (Spanish Edition)
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Introduction to Phenomenology
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A Secular Age
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Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East)
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Walden (Translated): A 21st Century, Modernized Translation
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Anatomy of the Spirit – The Seven Stages of Power and Healing by Caroline Ph.D. Myss (1996-12-24)
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The Science of Mind: The Complete Edition
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Socialism
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El Bhagavad-gita Original: El Canto del Señor (Spanish Edition)
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Free Will [Deckle Edge]
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The Histories
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The Theory of Critical Thinking: Question, Analyze, Reflect, Debate. (The critical thinker)
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The Atomos Blog

Atomos

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Biconditional introduction

In symbolic logic, a valid inference in a system of truth-functional rules. A biconditional sentence is inferred from deriving one side of the sentence (Q) from the assumption of the…

Consequent

The “then” clause in an “if…then” (conditional) claim is the consequent. https://youtube.com/shorts/f_xpmIj9CWw?feature=share

Naturalistic fallacy

Argument advanced by G. E. Moore (1873-1958) that any attempt to define “good” in terms of some other property (such as pleasure) will either conflate ethical propositions with psychological propositions…

Formal proof

Identity theory

Self-contradictory

Moral reasoning

Probable

Epistemology

Innate idea

Law of nature

Negative right

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LOGICAL ATOMISM

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

MODAL LOGIC

POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

WHAT PHILOSOPHY PROFESSORS WANT FROM STUDENT WRITERS

GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

ETHICS

EMPIRICISM

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

RELEVANCE LOGICS

SAINT AUGUSTINE

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

QUANTUM LOGIC

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

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The Atomos Blog

Logic

Books

Be Still & Soar: Finding Strength and Solace in Any Storm

The Rigor of Angels: Borges, Heisenberg, Kant, and the Ultimate Nature of Reality

The Half Known Life: In Search of Paradise

Guía rápida de Las 48 leyes del poder (Spanish Edition)

Introduction to Phenomenology

A Secular Age

Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East)

Walden (Translated): A 21st Century, Modernized Translation

Anatomy of the Spirit – The Seven Stages of Power and Healing by Caroline Ph.D. Myss (1996-12-24)

The Science of Mind: The Complete Edition

Socialism

El Bhagavad-gita Original: El Canto del Señor (Spanish Edition)

Free Will [Deckle Edge]

Print Handwriting Workbook for Teens: Improve your printing handwriting & practice print penmanship workbook for teens and tweens

The Histories

The Theory of Critical Thinking: Question, Analyze, Reflect, Debate. (The critical thinker)

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Aesthetics: An Introduction

Epistemology: An Introduction

Ethics: An Introduction

Logic: An Introduction

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

The Atomos Blog

Terms & Concepts

Biconditional introduction

Consequent

Naturalistic fallacy

Formal proof

Identity theory

Self-contradictory

Moral reasoning

Probable

Epistemology

Innate idea

Law of nature

Negative right

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