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The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

The philosophical system developed by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Transcendental Idealism sought to overcome the epistemological problems of Empiricism while providing a rational justification for Liberalism.

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POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

PRAGMATISM

Pragmatism was a philosophical movement in the United States concerned with the relationship between abstract theory and practical activity, and with the value of philosophical reflection.

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

RATIONALISM

Rationalism designates a variety of philosophical schools maintaining that reason, as opposed to empirical investigation, is the most important method of acquiring knowledge.

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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…

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Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

MODAL LOGIC

A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

THE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

Essays of assertion, affirmation, and refutation are all examples of the argumentative paper. An effective argument relies on factually true premises or premises for which you have strong support.

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

Based in the Ionian colony of Elea (modern-day Velia) in southern Italy, and primarily associated with Parmenides (early fifth century BC) and Melissus of Samos (mid fifth century BC), the…

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NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

Many religions distinguish between truths accessible through reason (natural theology), and truths accessible through faith (revealed theology). Both natural and revealed theology raise interesting philosophical questions about these two sources…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

How do you do philosophy? Unlike many of the questions asked in the name of philosophy, this one has a straightforward answer. You do philosophy primarily through writing. Now, if…

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By Philosophy Student In POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

UTILITARIANISM

The French Revolution sparked legal and political reforms across Europe, which brought with them their accompanying philosophical frameworks.

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Logic

RELEVANCE LOGICS

Logic

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

Logic

MODAL LOGIC

Logic

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

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Recent Philosophy: Volume Two—From Bentham to Dewey
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God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything
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The Intellectual Life: Its Spirit, Conditions, Methods (Not In A Series)
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Princeton Readings in Political Thought: Essential Texts from Plato to Populism–Second Edition
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On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense
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The Little Book of Philosophy: An Introduction to the Key Thinkers and Theories You Need to Know
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Being and Nothingness
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The Atomos Blog

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How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Immanent

Inherent or operating within nature or physical reality. (See also Transcendent.) https://youtube.com/shorts/T2KkG-_JSnY?feature=share

Consequent

The “then” clause in an “if…then” (conditional) claim is the consequent. https://youtube.com/shorts/f_xpmIj9CWw?feature=share

Identity theory

The thesis that the mind and brain are ontologically one and the same or, more accurately,that mental states and events are in fact certain brain and nervous system processes. The…

Literal

Pluralism

Sufficient condition

Existential quantifier

Teleology

Analytic truth

Proof by contradiction

Heteronomy

Quantified statement

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THE PERSONAL ESSAY

TRANSCENDENTAL IDEALISM

PRAGMATISM

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

RATIONALISM

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

MODAL LOGIC

THE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

THE ELEATIC SCHOOL

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

HOW DO YOU DO PHILOSOPHY?

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Books

The Dalai Lama’s Cat and the Claw of Attraction

When Things Fall Apart: Heart Advice for Difficult Times

The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America

Recent Philosophy: Volume Two—From Bentham to Dewey

God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything

The Intellectual Life: Its Spirit, Conditions, Methods (Not In A Series)

Princeton Readings in Political Thought: Essential Texts from Plato to Populism–Second Edition

On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense

The Little Book of Philosophy: An Introduction to the Key Thinkers and Theories You Need to Know

Collected Studies (Volume 3): Maimonidean Argument in France

Being and Nothingness

New Seeds of Contemplation

Man and His Becoming According to the Vedanta (Collected Works of Rene Guenon) by Rene Guenon (2001-09-01)

The Science of Mind: The Complete Edition

In Praise of Shadows

The History of Sexuality: The Use of Pleasure v. 2

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Aesthetics: An Introduction

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Ethics: An Introduction

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Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Immanent

Consequent

Identity theory

Literal

Pluralism

Sufficient condition

Existential quantifier

Teleology

Analytic truth

Proof by contradiction

Heteronomy

Quantified statement

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