ARISTOTLE
Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy. Following Plato’s death, Aristotle traveled, became tutor to Alexander the…
THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL
A group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists based around the Frankfurt (Germany) Institute for Social Research were primarily…
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WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY
WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY
“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?
WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?
What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
An important historical branch designation rather than a current one, natural philosophy was the study of nature and the physical universe by philosophical (that is, largely empirical reason-based) methods.
SCHOLASTICISM
SCHOLASTICISM
A general term for those philosophers influenced by the medieval rediscovery of classic texts, Scholasticism is broadly characterized by an interest in logic and disputation and is motivated to resolve…
WHAT IS GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING?
WHAT IS GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING?
Writing effectively for a philosophy course does not merely start with the general principles of good writing just outlined, it sets out to show mastery of these principles. It embodies…
THE POSITION PAPER
THE POSITION PAPER
A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…
BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS
BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS
¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
MODAL LOGIC
MODAL LOGIC
A common extension to the standard formal languages outlined above is to introduce the technical machinery required to evaluate natural language arguments containing modal terminology (that is, talk of possibility…
PHENOMENOLOGY
PHENOMENOLOGY
As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)
SKEPTICISM (PYRRHONISM)
Pyrrhonian Skepticism was founded by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360–275 BC), who argued that knowledge is impossible. The Skeptics proposed various arguments for their conclusions, including Platonic doubts about the…
ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.
INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS
INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS
There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
LOGIC
LOGIC
Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…
THE PRE-SOCRATICS
The origins of Western philosophy are usually attributed to Thales of Miletus (fl. sixth century BC), who taught that “everything…
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Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Control (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$15.99
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Stillness Is the Key
$7.99
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Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$28.00
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How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
$13.12
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Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
Books
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The Metaphysics of Evolution: Evolutionary Theory in Light of First Principles
$10.90 -
Humanly Possible
$56.71 -
On Law, Morality, and Politics (Hackett Classics)
$7.01 -
The Communist Manifesto (A Penguin Classics Hardcover)
$22.00 -
God, Freedom, and Evil
$15.00 -
Living from the Soul: The 7 Spiritual Principles of Ralph Waldo Emerson
$16.99 -
The Four Chinese Classics: Tao Te Ching, Chuang Tzu, Analects, Mencius
$24.95 -
Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy
$12.95 -
The Manual: A Philosopher’s Guide to Life
$9.99 -
The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antonius
$17.46 -
Determinism, Death, and Meaning (Routledge Studies in Metaphysics)
$48.95 -
Stoic Meditations: The Daily Stoic Ways to Think Like a Roman Emperor – Meditations on Wisdom, Perseverance and the Art of Living (Mastering Stoicism)
$13.95 -
A History of Philosophy, Volume 3: Late Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy: Ockham, Francis Bacon, and the Beginning of the Modern World
$15.41 -
The Guide of the Perplexed, Vol. 2
$37.62 -
Knowledge and Christian Belief
$17.99 -
Mortgage Loan Officer Training: How to Master the Fundamentals of Building Your Mortgage Business: During a Recession in Less Than 30 Days Without … (How To Without Sticking A Fork In Your Eye)
$9.99
The Atomos Blog
The Threshold
The Threshold
The Threshold
The Threshold
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Philosophy of History: An Introduction
Philosophy of History: An Introduction
Philosophy of Language: An Introduction
Philosophy of Language: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Terms & Concepts
Metaphysics
1) The branch of philosophy that studies reality and first principles. 2) Literally, “after (orbeyond) physics,” where “physics” is the transliteration of the Greek for “nature.” (See alsoOntology.) https://youtube.com/shorts/1H_9EdnmuEc?feature=share
Duhem-Quine Thesis
The claim that since physical theories are never tested in isolation and any experimental failure can always be accommodated by making adjustments among the auxiliary theories involved. It follows from…
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