V

That which is empty. In ancient Greek Atomist thought, that through which atoms move. https://youtube.com/shorts/T_UlVe27BP4?feature=share

A theory of human value in which developing and living out various excellences is an essential component of a good life. https://youtube.com/shorts/xYR0CUEc7RM?feature=share

—character that either is essential to happiness or wills what is morally obligated (not because it brings happiness). (See also Arête.) https://youtube.com/shorts/iEZvNd5pq7U?feature=share

Fallacious reasoning that involves merely asserting as proof the very claim at issue, and then asserting the claim at issue to support the proof: A is true because B is…

The degree of truth likeness, or how much closer one theory is to the truth than another. Early measures of verisimilitude compared the number of true and false sentences; contemporary…

The claim that the meaning of a statement consists in its method of verification rather than its truth conditions. For the Logical Positivists, this entailed the semantic reduction of, for…

Named after the British mathematician John Venn (1834-1923), Venn diagrams are overlapping circles representing the subject and predicate classes of a categorical proposition. https://youtube.com/shorts/Ov4pJYSiYT8?feature=share

An element of John Rawls’s (1921-2002) hypothetical situation in which members of society in the original position deliberate and choose principles of justice. As they deliberate,the “veil” prevents individuals from…

Early Hindu scriptures, written c. 1500 – 600, BC. https://youtube.com/shorts/2m89ChOv6SQ?feature=share

An evaluation term for an argument whose conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.A valid argument’s evaluation derives from its form, rather than its content. Hence, a valid…