PHIOLOSOPHICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS

The view that mental states can be explained in terms of activities and functions. https://youtube.com/shorts/LEVgeszGnxQ?feature=share

The idea that humans are capable of behaving and acting without external compulsion orconstraint. Free will is often viewed as a necessary condition of moral responsibility (See alsoLiberty.) https://youtube.com/shorts/dI_duF6gSUM?feature=share

A free variable is an instance of a variable that is not bound by some condition—for instance,x is a free variable, whereas in “for some x,” it is a bound…

A “free rider” benefits from a social arrangement without bearing the costs; for example, herides the bus without buying a ticket. Without some mechanism to disincentivize free riders(such as punishment),…

One of Buddha’s most significant teachings, namely the truth that there is suffering; the truththat suffering has a cause; the truth that suffering has an end; and the truth that…

In Plato’s metaphysics, the immaterial, immutable, eternal entities that make individualthings possible and are the pure objects of knowledge. Usually capitalized. https://youtube.com/shorts/MLsgwSsVkms?feature=share

In a formal deductive system, a step-by-step demonstration of the truth of a claim followingfrom a set of premises. (See also Proof.) https://youtube.com/shorts/DT1-2WEXXbc?feature=share

The study of systems of reasoning, the principles of reasoning as such, and the relationshipsbetween the symbols that express that reasoning. Also: logic based on deductive argumentusing syllogisms and quasi-mathematical…

An error in the structure or form of reasoning. The most common formal fallacies includeAffirming the Consequent and Denying the Antecedent. A formally fallacious argument is aninvalid one. https://youtube.com/shorts/WCgxcFur6hc?feature=share

The essence, structural features, or attributes of a thing; one of Aristotle’s four explanationsfor a thing’s coming to be. https://youtube.com/shorts/FJqEZbim1y8?feature=share