PHIOLOSOPHICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS

A proof strategy whereby a statement’s negation is proved by assuming the statement is true.This assumption leads to a contradiction, which proves the assumption is false. (See also Negation introduction…

A proof strategy whereby a statement’s negation is proved by assuming the statement is true.This assumption leads to a contradiction, which proves the assumption is false. (See also Negation introduction…

A proof strategy whereby a conclusion is proved from a disjunction. (See also Disjunction elimination.) https://youtube.com/shorts/JZ_RCMpCjsU?feature=share

A proof is a step-by-step demonstration that one statement (the conclusion) follows logically from some others (the premises). A formal proof is a proof given in a formal system of…

The term for attempts to address or reconcile the reality of evil (moral badness) in a world created by an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God. https://youtube.com/shorts/gN90H32OZ2Y?feature=share

That which is likely but not certain or guaranteed. https://youtube.com/shorts/5F29LijB5TY?feature=share

An argument, identified by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), that no fixed meaning can be given to a language in the absence of a wider social context because there are no constraints…

A co-ordination problem in game theory, where each player is individually motivated to cheat the others, but suffers if every other player reasons the same way; it provides a formal…

In Utilitarian philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), the principle that morally right actions are those that produce the least pain and greatest pleasure or happiness…

The view that all events are caused. https://youtube.com/shorts/rOksD3zE21g?feature=share