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The “aboutness” exhibited by our mental states, or their directness toward other states of affairs. The orientation or directness of mental states; what a mental state is about. It is…

An error in reasoning that is not the result of a formal, or structural, flaw. There are myriad informal fallacies, many of which involve distraction techniques and exploiting psychological vulnerabilities.…

An endless sequence. https://youtube.com/shorts/D_vsZ4LmoQY?feature=share

Ampliative method of inference concluding that the explanation that best explains the available evidence is likely to be true. https://youtube.com/shorts/K2LhdmvK-3g?feature=share

In a formal system of logic, a principle whereby one statement is inferred from another or others; the logical rules by which validity is defined. https://youtube.com/shorts/IcuiD9lPVFg?feature=share

Also known as a conclusion, an inference is the result of an evidence-based reasoning process. https://youtube.com/shorts/jzHD58TKepI?feature=share

An argument from experience; experiential inferences; contrasted with Deductive argument.Inductive arguments do not reflect the guaranteed truth of the conclusion claimed indeductive arguments. Instead, the conclusion is probably true. https://youtube.com/shorts/hU-NIFkS_bQ?feature=share

Reasoning from experience to a conclusion that is claimed likely to be true. https://youtube.com/shorts/ubl7ULovzfk?feature=share

In first-order logic, symbols stand for individually named things (object, person, place, time,and so on). An individual constant is assumed to denote one, and only one, thing. https://youtube.com/shorts/wHqv7vweUI4?feature=share

A proof whereby a statement’s negation is proved by assuming the statement is true. Thatassumption leads to a contradiction, which proves the assumption is false. (See also Proof bycontradiction or…