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An error in the structure or form of reasoning. The most common formal fallacies includeAffirming the Consequent and Denying the Antecedent. A formally fallacious argument is aninvalid one. https://youtube.com/shorts/WCgxcFur6hc?feature=share

The essence, structural features, or attributes of a thing; one of Aristotle’s four explanationsfor a thing’s coming to be. https://youtube.com/shorts/FJqEZbim1y8?feature=share

A set of commonsense principles regarding human cognition, including the distinctionbetween beliefs and desires, and the link between such propositional attitudes and behavior.This framework is challenged by eliminativists (see Eliminative…

The initial and firm rules, or axioms, with which a philosophy begins, either as assumptionsor as believed truths. https://youtube.com/shorts/vZLJr8mtKN8?feature=share

An argument is valid when a sentence is logically true by way of truth-functional connectivedefinitions, identity, and quantifiers. https://youtube.com/shorts/CZnU2xWzcRg?feature=share

A system of logic that includes propositions (sentences), truth-functional connectives,predicates, and quantifiers. https://youtube.com/shorts/ypbGNbsNLQg?feature=share

A sentence that is false by way of the truth-functional connective definitions, identity, andquantifiers. https://youtube.com/shorts/joxY9HKEP54?feature=share

A statement that follows from premises exclusively by way of truth-functional connectivedefinitions, identity, and quantifiers. https://youtube.com/shorts/hlX88ZKexlg?feature=share

In Aristotle’s teleology, the cause that defines the end, purpose, or (proper) function of athing. It is one of Aristotle’s four causes. https://youtube.com/shorts/7hBG_amdgJo?feature=share

The view that faith is independent of, or even opposed to, reason. https://youtube.com/shorts/aH6w5Ay8tH0?feature=share