https://youtu.be/JzNT7NNFWQ4 Throughout centuries of Western letters, science, and philosophy, the name of Thales appears with astounding persistence. He is seen as having innovated thought itself, essentially beginning the replacement of…
https://youtu.be/ie8vBFbQtsM The most radical philosopher of the seventeenth century, Baruch Spinoza strikes modern readers as almost stunningly modern. In his own day, his philosophy was sometimes labeled “Spinozism” and described…
As a historical and cultural presence, no philosopher is more important than Socrates. Sufficient sources exist, especially Plato, to give us confidence that there was, in fact, a Greek philosopher…
https://youtu.be/Hy7GWQZm9JE Although economists claim him as their own, Adam Smith was an important social and moral philosopher, the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), which articulated the methodological,…
https://youtu.be/ox6itCQPVXM Lucius Annaeus Seneca was born about 4 BC in Cordoba, Hispania (modern Spain) and was a dramatist as well as a Roman Stoic philosopher. The son of a rhetorician,…
https://youtu.be/phN6pZ4B18A Born in Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland) on January 22, 1788, Arthur Schopenhauer is most famous for The World as Will and Representation (1818; expanded in 1844), a major phenomenological…
https://youtu.be/YooToYxl6kA Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher was a theologian and philosopher who struggled to reconcile Protestantism with Enlightenment thought and effectively founded the modern field of hermeneutics, shifting away from traditional…
https://youtu.be/YzAIoyEzsHU Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist, semiotician, and philosopher of language. He was a founding father of twentieth-century linguistics and may be considered, with Charles Sanders Peirce, a…
https://youtu.be/8gI4k1E91is Jean-Paul Sartre achieved rare fame for a philosopher. Indeed, to many, he was and remains the archetypal—or perhaps stereotypical—philosopher of the twentieth century. His fame rests on Existentialism and…
https://youtu.be/Mf95E2XVxc4 Born in Madrid, Spain, on December 16, 1863, George Santayana was a philosopher, poet, and literary and cultural critic. In 1872, his family brought him to the United States…