Philosophy of law explores some of the most basic and far-reaching questions about law, authority, and justice. It asks what law actually is, why it has power over us, and…
The philosophy of science studies science itself as a human activity. It asks what science really is, how scientific knowledge is created, and what separates scientific claims from other kinds…
Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that studies beauty, art, and aesthetic experience. It asks what makes something beautiful, meaningful, or artistically powerful. Why do certain paintings move us, certain…
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge. It asks what knowledge really is, how we come to have it, and how dependable it is. When we say that…
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that asks how we should live. It explores what is right and wrong, good and bad, virtue and vice, responsibility and obligation. Whenever we…
Logic is the branch of philosophy that studies reasoning. It looks at what makes an argument good or bad, valid or invalid, and sound or unsound. Whenever we draw conclusions,…
Metaphysics is one of the oldest and most fundamental branches of philosophy. At its core, it asks the deepest questions we can ask about reality itself. What exists? What does…
Philosophy of history explores how we understand the past and what, if anything, history means. It asks how historical knowledge is possible, how historical explanations work, and whether history follows…
The philosophy of language studies one of the most basic tools of human life: language itself. It asks how words and sentences get their meaning, how language connects to thought…
The philosophy of mind looks at one of the most personal and puzzling parts of human life: the mind. It asks what minds are, how they relate to bodies and…