History Of PhilosophyTHE SOPHISTS
November 15, 2023

THE SOPHISTS

The Sophists were not a single school but a professional grouping of largely itinerant teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and legal argumentation. Their importance lies not in any specific doctrines but…
Writing PhilosophyGRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS
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GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

The eight skills just listed are so central to philosophical writing that we may count them among the criteria most instructors use in grading essay assignments. Keep these eight skills…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyCONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
November 15, 2023

CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

While the focus of western philosophy has primarily been on the analysis and understanding of our most basic concepts, another important theme has been the preparation and education of man…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSNON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS
November 15, 2023

NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS

As explained at the beginning of this chapter, this book is intended primarily for philosophy students, especially new philosophy students, whose focus is mainly or even exclusively on Western philosophical…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyTHE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER
November 19, 2023

THE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

Essays of assertion, affirmation, and refutation are all examples of the argumentative paper. An effective argument relies on factually true premises or premises for which you have strong support.
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySTOICISM
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
History Of PhilosophyANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYLOGICAL POSITIVISM
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Originally founded by Auguste Comte (1798–1857), Positivism was primarily a view about science. Influenced by Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804) assertion that knowledge of things-inthemselves was impossible, Comte argued that our scientific…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyPHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY
November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyEPICUREANISM
November 15, 2023

EPICUREANISM

Founded by Epicurus (341–271 BC), this eponymous philosophy is best known through the Roman poet Lucretius (mid first century BC). Like the Atomists, the Epicureans maintained that everything is made…
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyPHENOMENOLOGY
November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…
LogicPROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)
November 15, 2023

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

The simplest formal (logical) language is the propositional calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between complete propositions.
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS
November 24, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL FILMS AND TV SHOWS

Note: Some of these titles may be difficult to find, either in DVD format or streaming. Film Animation Animal Farm (1954)Based on George Orwell’s novel of the same name, farm…
LogicPREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)
November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTCRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.

Books

  • The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind (Oxford Handbooks)

    $65.00
  • Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets (Incerto)

    $15.19
  • Everyday Emerson: A Year of Wisdom

    $19.99
  • Think Like a Monk: Train Your Mind for Peace and Purpose Every Day

    $14.00
  • Forget Foucault, new edition (Semiotext(e) / Foreign Agents)

    $14.95
  • Process and Reality (Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh During the Session 1927-28)

    $18.60
  • The Writings of Henry David Thoreau : Reform Papers

    $135.40
  • A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy

    $15.99
  • Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

    $13.99
  • Sacred Contracts: Awakening Your Divine Potential

    $18.99
  • Foucault: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

    $11.85
  • The Self and Its Pleasures: Bataille, Lacan, and the History of the Decentered Subject

    $16.95
  • The Sovereignty of Good

    $20.95
  • The Rhine River: Travel Journal

    $6.99
  • The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (Perennial Classics)

    $11.39
  • The Will to Power

    $6.99

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Terms & Concepts

I

Intrinsic good

That which is inherently good, good for its own sake, and/or good in itself. https://youtube.com/shorts/wjFiF0U1rbU?feature=share
T

Transcendent

That which is independent of empirical, finite existence; contrasted with immanent. https://youtube.com/shorts/NBahpArmi_c?feature=share
R

Retributive justice

The view that justice is proportionate punishment for wrong doing. https://youtube.com/shorts/97AnpZBX3yM?feature=share
I
Indeterminacy of translation
C
Cosmology
H
Hypothetico-Deductive Method
I
Inclusive disjunction
P
Premise
A
Assumptive proof
N
Noumenal
B
Belief
H
Hermeneutics
View All