December 2023

https://youtu.be/phN6pZ4B18A Born in Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland) on January 22, 1788, Arthur Schopenhauer is most famous for The World as Will and Representation (1818; expanded in 1844), a major phenomenological…

https://youtu.be/YooToYxl6kA Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher was a theologian and philosopher who struggled to reconcile Protestantism with Enlightenment thought and effectively founded the modern field of hermeneutics, shifting away from traditional…

https://youtu.be/YzAIoyEzsHU Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist, semiotician, and philosopher of language. He was a founding father of twentieth-century linguistics and may be considered, with Charles Sanders Peirce, a…

https://youtu.be/8gI4k1E91is Jean-Paul Sartre achieved rare fame for a philosopher. Indeed, to many, he was and remains the archetypal—or perhaps stereotypical—philosopher of the twentieth century. His fame rests on Existentialism and…

https://youtu.be/Mf95E2XVxc4 Born in Madrid, Spain, on December 16, 1863, George Santayana was a philosopher, poet, and literary and cultural critic. In 1872, his family brought him to the United States…

https://youtu.be/QkSZo54PTlk Born in Fayyûm (upper Egypt) in 882, Saadya was the first major rabbinical writer to work in Arabic and is the father of Judeo-Arabic literature. He was a Hebrew…

https://youtu.be/axC6_Ay8XV4 Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, was among the most famous and most quoted intellectuals of the twentieth century. Earning distinction in the fields of mathematics, logic, history,…

https://youtu.be/wVCIZmWZJIc Josiah Royce was the principal philosopher of absolute idealism, a philosophy associated in Europe with the German G. W. F. Hegel and the British philosopher F. H. Bradley. Royce’s…

https://youtu.be/9D9F7z5Te8I Jean Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712, in Geneva, Switzerland, the son of a watchmaker. His mother died shortly after his birth, and young Rousseau served two…

https://youtu.be/sbc7osOlJ3A Considered among the most influential of twentieth-century philosophers, Willard Van Orman Quine was a logician and analytic philosopher, who argued against logical empiricism, or logical positivism, the notion that…